Protists

Question 1

What are the life cycle stage of the protozoa? How are they categorized?

Answer 1

Stages of the life cycle are trophozoites and cysts

Protozoans are categorized by their locomotion

• spore forming
• flagella
• amoeboid

Question 2

African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 2

Spread by tsetse flies
Flagellated protist with antigenic variation
Trypanosoma cruzi

Interstitial inflammationandnecrosisin lymph nodes and the small blood vessels of the brain and hear. -> lethargy

infectious stage: metacyclic trypanomastigotes (injected into fly bite)
diagnostic stage: trypanomastigotes

Question 3

Chagas disease

Answer 3

Trypanosoma cruzi
Transmitted by “kissing bugs” -tiatome bug
-defecates in wound, scratching causes infection

Infectious stage: metacyclic trypanomastigotes
Diagnostic stage: amastigotes

Acute or chronic, chronic: destroys cells in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, GI and CNS>

Question 4

Leishmaniasis

Answer 4

Trypanosome- Leishmania
Flagellated

Transmitted by and flies
Reservoir: canines, rodents, blood transfusions and needles.

Three forms of infection: mucocuaneous, cutaneous and visceral

Infectious stage: promastigote
Diagnostic stage: amastigotes

Question 5

Entamoebida

Answer 5

Amoeboid parasite, movement by pseudopods
Causes amoebic dysentery
Consuming E. hisolyca cysts from fecal contamination of water, food, hands, other vehicles

Dysentery, diarrhea, appendicitis and abscesses of the liver, lungs, brain
Damages small intestine

Question 6

Plasmodium

Answer 6

Causes Malaria
-bite of an infected female mosquito, anopheles
-periodic attacks of chills and ever, anemia, hypertrophy of spleen and liver
Life cycle:
-sporoziote: injected into bite
-merozoite: ^^ goes to hepatic cells and replicates
-trophozoite: diagnostic and precursor to gametocyte, formed from schizont
-gametocytes: given off as a side reaction of schiozosis, when picked up by mosquitos and combined give Oozye
-schizont: replication, cell rupture.

Question 7

Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 7

Forms cysts, sporozoites and merozoites.
-sporozoites: intestinal epithelial cells
Animals res -> water or food, oocytes shed in feces

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, fever, fatigue. Self-limiting. Dangerous in the immunocompromisd

Question 8

Cyclospora

Answer 8

Unicellular parasite.
Food and water contamination - oocyst
Diagnostic when unsporlylated, infectious whe sporalated
Diarrhea, loss of appetite, cramps, bloating, nausea, vomiting, fever, fatigue and wight loss

Question 9

Giardiasis

Answer 9

Water born infection 
Small intestine 
-campers who drink unfiltered fresh water 
Multipolar flagella 
-cysts and trophozoites 
PCR identification 

Acute and chronic disease

Question 10

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 10

Toxoplasma gondii - nonmotile
Reservoir: rodents, birds, small mammals
Fecal oral transmission, congenital and transfusions/transplants

Cysts, oocysts, sporocysts
From kitty litter

Question 11

Trichomonadida

Answer 11

T. Vaginalis - STI, urogenital
70% have no symptoms.
Itching, burning, foul yellow-green discharge.
Flagellated

Question 12

Acanthamoebe keratitis

Answer 12

Can get from washing contacts or case in water. Cause of conjunctivitis
Facultative and opportunistic
Can also cause meningoencephalitis