Fungi Flashcards
What is the purpose of spores in Fungi?
Sexual and asexual reproduction
What two ways do unicellular fungi divide?
Fission yeasts - symmetrical
Budding yeast - divide asymmetrically
What does dimorphism mean in the fungi world?
At 37 C the are yeast like (body temp)
At 25 C they are mold like (room temp)
What are the phases of sexual reproduction and spore making in sexually reproducing fungi?
- plasmogamy: haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recient cell (-)
- karyogamy: + and - nuclei fuse
- Meiosis: diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei
- > sexual spores
What type of fungi is not ONLY/more commonly seen in immunocomprimised individuals?
Blastomycosis
Found in soil. (River basins, farms) seen most commonly in young men.
Coccidioiodmycosis
Endemic in desert milked wintered areas
Dimorphism
Inhaled as dust/airborne
Goes away on its own
Cryptococcosis
From dried pigeon droppings, acts as food for the fungi in the soil.
Chronic meningitis - immunocomprised and pneumonia-like in others.
Inhaled/airborne
Encapsulated- resists avoeilar macrophages
Effects the CNS
Blastomycosis
Systemic, airborne
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Three forms: cutaneous, pulmonary, and siddeminated
Cutaneous ulcers and abscesses
Histoplasmosis
Inhalation/airborne
Inhaled from bird droppings but birds arent the host. Humans and bats are the host.
Can get from bat droppings.
Yeast-phase in body. Flu-like
Higher concern in immunocompromised, self resolves in others
What are the direct contact cutaneous mycoses?
Tinea capitis - scalp and hair
Tinea pedis - athlete’s foot
Tines unguium - infection of nailed
Tinea cruris - jock itch
What populations are considered compromised for infection by opportunistic pathogens?
Malnutrition/alcoholism Cancer Diabetes Another infectious disease Trumua - surgery/injury Immunosuppressive by drugs Genetic deficiencies Old age
Aspergillosis
Opportunistic
Nosocomial- contaminated AC’s
Pulmonary infection. Fever, chest pain, and cough -> brain and kidney.
In the severely compromised -> lungs fill with the mycelia. 100% mortality here
Candidiasis
Found everywhere in the body as normal flora.
(Lactobaccili keeps in check)
Nosocomial too
Sexual contact
Most infectious on the skin or mucousal membranes
Oropharyngeal candidiasis - thrush
-newborns, dentures, steroids
Subcutaneous in digits and nails
Intertriginous - axillae, ground and skin folds.
-diaper rash
Vaginitis
Balanitis - male
Microsporidia
Spiral, polar tubule from spore Found in HIV patients Highly resistant spores Reservoir: cats, dogs, feral animals Inhalation of spore
Hepatitis
Pneumonia
Skin lesions
Diarrhea, weight loss, wasting syndrome
