Bacteria Flashcards
Mycoplasma
Wall less, no gram stain
Obligate intracellular parasite
Small >1000 genes, on media- fried egg appearance
Can produce some ATP by glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation.
Non-mobile, gliding motility- hard surfaces
M. motile
M. pneumoniae
Like mucous, common infection sites are the lungs
Chlamydiae
Gram-Negative
Coccoid, nonmotile
Obligate intracellular parasite
Likes secretions, asymptomatic: leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility
Elementary body - infectious but dormant
Reticular Body - when EB gets phagocytosed it transforms in the RB which does the replication events.
Cell lyse- release of EB
Cant catabolize, RT use host to undergo biosynthesis
Lyme borreliosis
Borrelia burgorferi, spirochete
Gram Negative
Vector: Tick
Reservoir: Field Mouse
3 stages:
1. Localized: rash, flu-like symptoms; happens a week to 10 days after infection
2. Disseminated: neurological abnormalities, heart inflammation and arthritis. Weeks or months after infection
3. Late: years later, demyelination, behavioral changes and resembles MS or Alzheimer’s disease.
Often misdiagnosed, when diagnosed by serological testing, isolation of spirochete or detection of the bacteria DNA.
Only early stages respond to bacteria.
Syphilis
Treponema palidum, spirochete
Gram Negative
Invades mucosa, skin breaks
STD, congenital
Primary Stage - chancre (reddened) painless ulcer at infection site, w/ spirochete
Secondary Stage - skin rash on palm of hands and/or sole of feet
Tertiary Stage - gummas (degenerative lesions) in skin, bone and nervous system
Responds to antibiotics in primary stage, non responsive in tertiary stage.
Diagnosed by clinical history, screening, confirmational test looking for antibodies
Treatment: antibiotics
Preventive: safe sex, education
Leptospirosis
Spirochete, gram negative
Transferred from Dogs, rats. Pets
Enters through skin break, mucosal contact with urine contaminated water
Important complication: Kidney Failure
Other symptoms: headaches, muscular aches, fever
Can lead meningitis, liver failure and respiratory failure
diagnosed by serological test
Treatment: doxycycline (a broad spec antibiotic)
Rickettsia
Alphaprotobacteria, Gram Negative
Obligate intracellular parasite
Small, nonflagellated
Vector/Resvior: blood sucking Arthropoda
Use up host ATP
Three kinds cause two different pathologies: Rickettsia prowazeki and Rickettsia typhi cause Typhus fever
Rickettsia rickettsi cause Rocky mountain spotted fever
Typhus Fever
Rickettsia prowazekli and Rickettsia typhi
Gram Negative, obligate instracellular parasite
Grows in erythrocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells
Epidemic typhus: Reservoir: Rodents Vector: Lice. Symptoms: back pain, delirium, high fever, joint pain, low BP, light sensitivity, rashes, headaches, muscle pain.
Endemic typhus: Reservoir: Rodents Vector: Flea. Symptoms: abdominal pain, back ache, dull red rash (starts in middle of body and spreads), extremely high fever (41 C)
Which bacteria in not an obligate intracellular parasite?
A). Rickettsia typhi
B). Chlamydiae
C). M. pneumoniae
D). Borrelia burgdorferi
D). Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme Disease.
Which is not gram negative?
A). Mycoplasma motile
B). Treponema palidum
C). Rickettsia prowazekii
D). Borrelia burgdorferi
A). Mycoplasma motile
Which bacteria is not transmitted through blood sucking Arthropods as the vector(s)?
A). Borrelia burgdorferi
B). Leptospirosis
C). Rickettsia typhi
D). Rickettsia prowazekii
Leptospirosis
- spread via pets: dogs, rats.
What stage of syphilis would you see a skin rash?
A). Primary
B). Secondary
C). Tertiary
D). None, not a symptom of syphilis
Secondary.
Primary: chancre
Secondary: rash
Tertiary: gummas
Leptospirosis is contracted by:
A) sexual contact
B) contact with urine contaminated water
C) tick bite
D) flea bite
Mucosal or skin break contact with urine contaminated water
