Skin and Burns

Question 1

Functions of the skin?

Answer 1

Protection, regulates body temperature/ hydration, aids in secretion, synthesizes vitamin D

Question 2

How does the skin protect us?

Answer 2

Physical: Keratin and lipid cells
Chemical: Acids/bases, oil
Biological: Bacterial, WBCs, UV absorption

Question 3

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 4

Describe the epidermis

Answer 4

Stratum corneum
- Outermost, protects and covers the other layers (sheds)

Stratum lucidum
- Only on hairless/thick skin
- Protects (thicker)

Stratum basale
- Closest to dermis
- Receives most nutrients from dermal layer
- Creates new skin

Question 5

Describe the dermis

Answer 5

• Middle
• Hold body together
• Determines tone of skin

Question 6

Describe the hypodermis

Answer 6

• Lowest
• Anchors skin to underlying organ
• Shock absorber and insulation

Question 7

Melanin definition?

Answer 7

Made in the skin, yellow to red brown

Question 8

Carotene definition?

Answer 8

Accumulates in stratum corneum and fatty hypodermis, colours the palm and soles yellow orange

Question 9

Hemoglobin definition?

Answer 9

In red blood cells, circulates in capillaries in dermal layer, gives a pinkish hue to fair skin (little melanin)

Question 10

Types of cyanosis?

Answer 10

Central cyanosis, peripheral cyanosis

Question 11

Describe central cyanosis

Answer 11

Due to circulatory/ventilatory problems, leads to poor blood oxygen in the lungs
- Can be from asphyxiation
- Sure sign respiration is blocked

Question 12

Describe peripheral cyanosis

Answer 12

Blue tint in the fingers/extremities, because of inadequate circulation
- Blood reaching extremities= not oxygen rich
- Can be in heart/lung failures

Question 13

Types of jaundice?

Answer 13

Physiological and pathological

Question 14

Describe physiological jaundice

Answer 14

Immature liver is unable to process bilirubin
- In healthy babies (most have)
- Built up bilirubin

Question 15

Describe pathological jaundice

Answer 15

Liver condition ( ex. liver problem or incompatibility between the baby and mom with blood types)
- Actual disease, may need treatment

Question 16

Kernicterus definition?

Answer 16

Bilirubin moves from bloodstream into brain tissue

Question 17

Redness is a sign of..

Answer 17

Sunburn, sweating, inflammation, injury

Question 18

Paleness is a sign of…

Answer 18

Blood loss, inflammation, lack of melanin, shock

Question 19

Bronzing is a sign of…

Answer 19

UV exposure, tan

Question 20

Black/blueness is a sign of…

Answer 20

Frost bite, mole, burn, bruising

Question 21

Pinkness is a sign of…

Answer 21

Healthiness

Question 22

Appendages definition?

Answer 22

Components of the skin

Question 23

Eccrine is responsible for?

Answer 23

Sweat, all over body

Question 24

Apocrine gland is responsible for?

Answer 24

Thermoregulation, producing sweat, fat and proteins

(Axillary and genitals, starts at puberty)

Question 25

Ceruminous gland is responsible for?

Answer 25

Captures foreign intruders, dissolves bugs entering (earwax

Question 26

Mammary glands is responsible for?

Answer 26

Producing milk

Question 27

Oil glands is responsible for?

Answer 27

Keeps skin soft/moist, kills and captures bacteria, slows water loss (everywhere except palms and soles)

Question 28

Nail’s are responsible for?

Answer 28

Tools, protective coating

Question 29

Hair is responsible for?

Answer 29

Warmth, sensory, sweat absorption, filters dust and particles (everywhere except palms and soles)

Question 30

What is henna? What does it do?

Answer 30

Reddish brown dye, made from leaves of henna plant. Leaves a temporary stain on the epidermis

Question 31

What are tattoos? What does it do?

Answer 31

Inserting ink into the dermis layer of the skin. Dermis does not regenerate

Question 32

What layers of the skin can and can’t regenerate?

Answer 32

Regenerate= epidermis

Can’t regenerate= dermis, hypodermis

Question 33

What is albinism?

Answer 33

Lack of melanin

Question 34

What is the rule of nines? Describe it

Answer 34

Determines extent of burns

Body is divided into 11 areas, assigned to values (9%)

(Front and back= 9%)
- Head and neck
- Trunk
- Upper limbs
- Lower limbs

Perineum= 1%

Question 35

Describe airway burns

Answer 35

Airways swell rapidly

Upper: Thermal burn
- neck/facial burns
- singed nals hair/brows
- hoarseness and drooling
- tachypnea

Lower: Chemical injury
- loss of consciousness
- tachypnea
- cough
- black spit

Question 36

What are thermal burns?

Answer 36

Contact with heated objects (ex. steam, hot oil, boiling water, hot objects)
- Scalds= most common in children
- Fire= most common in adults

Question 37

What are chemical burns?

Answer 37

Irritation/destruction of tissue from exposure to chemicals
- Severity depends on duration of contact
- Usually strong acids/basics

Question 38

What are electrical burns?

Answer 38

Based on the intensity/duration of current (AC/DC)
- lightning, tasers, current

Question 39

Burn concerns?

Answer 39

Loss of fluids, compromised immune system, infection….

Question 40

Burn definition?

Answer 40

Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat/electricity/certain chemicals

Question 41

What are first degree burns?

Answer 41

Superficial, on the epidermis
- Red, swollen
- Short healing time
- Treated with cool water, not serious

Question 42

What are second degree burns?

Answer 42

Partial thickness, to the dermis
- Red, swollen, blisters
- Longer healing time
- Treated with running water, wrapped with a cool and moist gauze

Question 43

What are third degree burns?

Answer 43

Full thickness, to the hypodermis/muscle
- Not painful (no nerves), black/grey-white
- Skin doesn’t regenerate
- Treatment; skin graft