Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, protection, movement

Question 2

Name the parts of the skeleton

Answer 2

Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments, tendons

Question 3

Job of the axial skeleton? What is part of it?

Answer 3

Protects, supports, and carries body parts.

Skull
- Cranium, and facial bones, joined by sutures
- Paranasal sinuses: Lightens skull, resonates voice

Vertebral column:
- Separated by intervertebral disks (spine)

Bony thorax
- Protects major organs
- Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

What is the atlas? (C1)

Answer 4

Allows for nodding, part of transverse process, containing indents

Question 5

What is the axis? (C2)

Answer 5

Pivot for atlas rotation, shaking head

Question 6

What are dens?

Answer 6

The pivot points for axis and atlas

Question 7

What are the bones in the spine?

Answer 7

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum and coccyx (9)

Question 8

What is scoliosis?

Answer 8

Sideways curvature of the spine

Question 9

What is kyphosis?

Answer 9

Exaggerated, forward rounding of the upper back

Question 10

What is lordosis?

Answer 10

Excessive curvature in lumbar portion of the spine

Question 11

Describe the ribs?

Answer 11

True ribs= 1-7
Fales ribs= 8-12
11/12= floating

Question 12

Job of the appendicular skeleton? What is part of it?

Answer 12

Responsible for locomotion and manipulation of the environment. Upper and lower libs and girdles (shoulders, hips)
- Attaches to axial

Question 13

What are the types of bone?

Answer 13

Compact, cancellous (spongy)

Question 14

What is compact bone?

Answer 14

Dense, solid outer layer

Question 15

What is cancellous bone?

Answer 15

Inner layer, spongy looking

Question 16

Bones are reservoirs for?

Answer 16

Minerals and adipose tissue (calcium, phosphorus), adipose in marrow certain bones

Question 17

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 17

Blood cell formation (cells made in marrow of certain bones)

Question 18

What are the layers of bone?

Answer 18

Periosteum, compact, spongy

Question 19

What is periosteum bone?

Answer 19

Tough, outside membrane

Question 20

What is compact bone? (layers of bone)

Answer 20

Middle layer, contains osteocytes)

Question 21

What are osteocytes?

Answer 21

Living bone cells (calcium phosphate, collagen matrix, protein fibres)

Question 22

What is spongy bone? (layers of bone)

Answer 22

Contains bone marrow, containing immature cells (stem)

Question 23

What are long bones?

Answer 23

Longer than they are wide
- Shaft with heads at each end
- Majority compact bone

Question 24

What are short bones?

Answer 24

Generally cube shaped (ex. carpals, tarsals)
- Mostly spongy bone

Question 25

What are flat bones?

Answer 25

Thin and flat, usually curved (ex. skull, rubs, sternum)
- Thin layers of compact bone around spongy bone

Question 26

What are irregular bones?

Answer 26

Irregular, doesn’t fit into other categories
- Vertebrae, hip

Question 27

What is the nutrient artery?

Answer 27

Artery passing through nutrient foremen to give the bone blood and nutrients (long bones)