Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the three main functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement
Name the parts of the skeleton
Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments, tendons
Job of the axial skeleton? What is part of it?
Protects, supports, and carries body parts.
Skull
- Cranium, and facial bones, joined by sutures
- Paranasal sinuses: Lightens skull, resonates voice
Vertebral column:
- Separated by intervertebral disks (spine)
Bony thorax
- Protects major organs
- Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae
What is the atlas? (C1)
Allows for nodding, part of transverse process, containing indents
What is the axis? (C2)
Pivot for atlas rotation, shaking head
What are dens?
The pivot points for axis and atlas
What are the bones in the spine?
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum and coccyx (9)
What is scoliosis?
Sideways curvature of the spine
What is kyphosis?
Exaggerated, forward rounding of the upper back
What is lordosis?
Excessive curvature in lumbar portion of the spine
Describe the ribs?
True ribs= 1-7
Fales ribs= 8-12
11/12= floating
Job of the appendicular skeleton? What is part of it?
Responsible for locomotion and manipulation of the environment. Upper and lower libs and girdles (shoulders, hips)
- Attaches to axial
What are the types of bone?
Compact, cancellous (spongy)
What is compact bone?
Dense, solid outer layer
What is cancellous bone?
Inner layer, spongy looking
Bones are reservoirs for?
Minerals and adipose tissue (calcium, phosphorus), adipose in marrow certain bones
What is hematopoiesis?
Blood cell formation (cells made in marrow of certain bones)
What are the layers of bone?
Periosteum, compact, spongy
What is periosteum bone?
Tough, outside membrane
What is compact bone? (layers of bone)
Middle layer, contains osteocytes)
What are osteocytes?
Living bone cells (calcium phosphate, collagen matrix, protein fibres)
What is spongy bone? (layers of bone)
Contains bone marrow, containing immature cells (stem)
What are long bones?
Longer than they are wide
- Shaft with heads at each end
- Majority compact bone
What are short bones?
Generally cube shaped (ex. carpals, tarsals)
- Mostly spongy bone