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Healthcare > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes definition?

A

Condition in which the body can’t make/use insulin properly, chronic

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2
Q

What does diabetes do to the body?

A

The pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body can’t effectively use it
- Leads to an increase concentration of glucose in the body (hyperglycemia)
- Insulin breaks down sugar for energy

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3
Q

Pancreas role in diabetes?

A

Releases hormones (beta cells) into the digestive system

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4
Q

Beta cells definition?

A

Releases insulin when blood glucose levels get too high

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5
Q

Insulin definition?

A

Hormone causes cells to take in glucose to use as energy/store as fat
- Reduces glucose levels, small clusters in pancreas

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6
Q

Describe type 1 diabetes

A

The immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells (cannot regenerate)

Result: Little to no insulin is released (endogenous), dependent on exogenous insulin for life

Develops: Usually in childhood/adolescence, onset (5%-10%)

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7
Q

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

Symptoms: 3 Ps (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

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8
Q

Treatment for type 1 diabetes?

A

Kids/teens need insulin injections/an insulin pump

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9
Q

What is an insulin pump?

A

An insulin delivering device, worn on a belt or put in a pocket which delivers insulin throughout the day, releasing extra doses to handle blood sugar increase

  • Connected to plastic tube, inserted into subcutaneous tissue
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10
Q

Describe type 2 diabetes

A

Occurs when the body can’t properly use insulin/doesn’t make enough insulin

Development: Usually later in life (90%)

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11
Q

What happens when the body cannot properly use the insulin it produces?

A

It is an insulin resistance

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12
Q

What happens to the insulin levels in type 2 diabetes?

A

They fluctuate between normal, elevated, and depressed
- Glucose often builds up

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13
Q

Risk factors and how to control them for type 2 diabetes?

A

Risk factors: family history, obesity, aging, sedentary lifestyle

Controlled by: weight loss, oral hypoglycemia agents, insulin

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14
Q

Diabetes risk factors?

A
  • Prediabetes
  • 45+
  • Direct relative with type 2 diabetes
  • African American, Hispanic/Latino American, Indigenous, Alaskan
  • Overweight (in abdomen)
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Family history of DM
  • History of gestational DM
  • Delivering a baby >9 lbs
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15
Q

Symptoms of diabetes?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Tiredness
  • Slow healing
  • Irritable
  • Headaches
  • Weight changes
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16
Q

Describe gestational diabetes

A

Temporary condition during pregnancy when the body produces a large amount of hormones to help the baby grow (may result in an insulin resistance, unless the mother can produce enough insulin, the blood glucose levels rise)

  • Low percentage
  • Increased risk developing diabetes for mother and child
  • Usually disappears after birth
17
Q

Symptoms of gestational diabetes?

A

Like type 2

18
Q

How is gestational diabetes recognized?

A

Found during a screening during pregnancy

19
Q

What are the diabetes tests?

A

Fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, A1C

20
Q

What is fasting blood glucose test?

A

No food/drink (besides water) at least 9 hours before the test

Diabetes= equal to or >7 mmol/L

21
Q

What is the normal fasting blood sugar level before and after a meal?

A

Normal: 4-7 mmol/L
2 hrs after meal: 5-10 mmol/L

22
Q

What is a random blood glucose test?

A

Done at any time, regardless of last time eaten

Diabetes= equal to or >11 mmol/L + symptoms

23
Q

What is oral glucose tolerance test?

A

Patient drinks sweetened drink before test

Diabetes= equal to or >11 mmol/L two hours after drinking

24
Q

What is A1C?

A

Done at any time, results reflect average blood sugar level of the past 2-3 months (higher A1C level= poorer blood sugar control, results in higher risk for diabetes complications)

  • Measures hemoglobin percentage covered with sugar,
25
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Protein on red blood cells that carries oxygen

26
Q

Glucometer definition?

A

Machine that measures blood glucose

27
Q

Test strips definition?

A

Used to collect the blood

28
Q

Sharps container definition?

A

Used to dispose of sharp instruments

29
Q

Lancet definition?

A

Sharp object used to puncture the skin

30
Q

Capillary blood sample definition?

A

Blood sample taken from the small blood vessels from digits or hand or heel of foot.

31
Q

Endogenous definition?

A

Insulin created by the pancreas

32
Q

Exogenous definition?

A

Insulin not made by the pancreas

Healthcare (7 decks)

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