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Applied Clinical Physiology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella Zoster virus

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2
Q

What are signs and symptoms of chicken pox?

A

Red spots - fluid filled and blister
Temp >37.5
Generally unwell

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3
Q

What age does chicken pox affect?

A

Mainly children

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4
Q

What is the treatment for chickenpox?

A

Rest
Hydrate
Soothing creams

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5
Q

How infectious is chickenpox?

A

Infectious for 2 days pre spots and until crusted over (about 5 days)

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6
Q

What is cause of scarlet fever?

A

Group A streptococcus - bacterial

Remember ScArlEtt - group A strEp

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7
Q

What are symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Pyrexia
Flu-like
Strawberry Tongue
Rash - like sandpaper

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8
Q

What age range is affected in scarlet fever?

A

5-15 years old is most common

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9
Q

What is treatment of scarlet fever?

A

Antibiotics such as penicillin or amoxicillin

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10
Q

What is a complication of scarlet fever?

A

Rheumatic fever

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11
Q

What is cause of impetigo?

A

Group A streptococcus OR staphylococcus auereus

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12
Q

What are symptoms of impetigo?

A

Red itchy leaking sores
Any skin but mainly affects exposed areas like arms and legs
Common in summer when humid

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13
Q

What age range is affected by impetigo?

A

2-5 y.o

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14
Q

What is treatment for impetigo?

A

Topical and oral antibiotics

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15
Q

What is atopic dermatitis also known as?

A

Eczema

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16
Q

What is cause of atopic dermatitis?

A

Unknown. Thought to be linked to genetics/environment

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17
Q

What is symptoms of eczema?

A

Itchy dry sensitive skin

Inflamed or discoloured

18
Q

What age can be effected by eczema?

A

Any age

19
Q

What is treatment for eczema?

A

No cure
Topical creams
Phototherapy
Immunosuppresants

20
Q

What is cause of Kawasaki disesse?

A

unknown but likely a bacterial trigger

21
Q

What are symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A

Pyrexia > 5 days
Rash
Swollen LN
Red eyes, cracked lips

22
Q

What are phases of Kawasaki disease?

A

Acute 1-2 weeks
Subacute 3-4
Convalescent 4-6

23
Q

What ages are effected by Kawasaki disease?

A

<5 y.o

<1 y.o = more serious

24
Q

How many children are affected each year by Kawasaki disease?

A

8 in 100,000 children

25
Q

What is treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

Hospital admission for IViG

26
Q

What is complication of Kawasaki disease?

A

Vasculitis - can get coronary aneurysms - about 25% of people get cardiac complications. If untreated then 2-3% can be fatal

27
Q

When is skin developed in utero?

A

Nearly complete in 4th month of gestation

In 5th and 6th onto covered in mango (downy hair)

Shed in 7th month

28
Q

What are main layers of skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

29
Q

What is function of dermis?

A

Provide epidermis with nutrients and support

30
Q

What is dermis predominantly made of?

A

Collagen, fibrous protein and elastin.

Also have fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages

Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, sebaceous glands and smooth muscle

31
Q

What is function of epidermis?

A

physical and chemical barrier to external environment

32
Q

How does epidermis get nutrition?

A

No direct blood supply

Get nutrition and o2 through diffusion from dermis.

33
Q

How thick is epidermis?

A

Newborn: 40-50mm thick
Premature 20-25mm thick

Grows with age - thicker in some places (eg feet), thinner in eyelids

34
Q

What is epidermis made from?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium,

35
Q

When describing a rash - what are papule and nodules?

A

Bumps on skin - paupers small, nodules bigger - normally no bigger than 1cm

e..g papule - molluscum contagiosum.

36
Q

What words can be used to describe a rash?

A 
Papules
Nodules
Macules
Patches
Plaques
Vesicles
Bullae
Erosions
Ulcers
Petechia
Purpura
37
Q

What are macules and patches (skin)

A

Non-palpable changes to skin that just show colour change. Cannot be felt.

Macules small and papules bigger - usually no larger than 1cm

e.g. macule vitiligo small
patch vitiligo large

38
Q

What are plaques (skin)?

A

Flat topped, palpable lesions - usually wider than tall - normally dry/scaly

eg psoriasis

39
Q

What are vesicles and bullae? (skin)

A

Small or large blisters

Can be difficult to diagnose and sometimes none intact Usually no larger than 1cm

Vesicle usually <0.5cm (e.g. acute eczemaa blister)

Bulla >0.5cm eg burn/friction

40
Q

What are erosions and ulcers (skin)

A

erosion involves epidermis only with dermis intact.

Ulcers extend through dermis

41
Q

What are petchia and purpura (skin)

A

Red blood cells that have extravasated into the dermis so the lesions don’t blanch with pressure.

Usually have purple hue

Purpura can be macular or palpable - if palpable the night be sign of vasculitis

Applied Clinical Physiology (14 decks)

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