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Applied Clinical Physiology > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostatic system?

A

responsbile for maintaining blood fluidity and preventing blood loss by activating rapid, localised clotting at sites of vascular damage.

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2
Q

What is haematopoiesis?

A

Making of blood cells - starting from pluripotent set cell which gives rise to different blood cells

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3
Q

Which cells do platelets originate from?

A

Megakaryocytes

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4
Q

What is Full Blood Count for?

A

Broad screening test that checks for disorders such as anaemia, infection and much more.

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5
Q

What is WBC in FBC?

A

White Blood Cell count.

the actual number of white blood cells per volume of blood.

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6
Q

What is white blood cell differential in FBC?

A

Looks at types of white blood cells present.

5 types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, moocytes, eosinophils and basophils.

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7
Q

What is RBC in FBC?

A

Red Blood Cell count.

the actual number of red blood cells per volume of blood.

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8
Q

What is haemocrit in FBC?

A

Measures the amount of space red blood cells take up in the blood.

Reported as a percentage (0 to 100) or proportion (0 to 1) .

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9
Q

What is platelet count in FBC?

A

number of platelets in given volume of blood.

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10
Q

What are platelets important for?

A

Integral to haemostats

Aid inflammatory and immune responses. Help maintain vascular integrity
Contribute to wound healing

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11
Q

What is mean platelet volume in FBC?

A

machine calculated measurement of the average size of your platelets.

New platelets are larger. increased MPV occurs when increased number of platelets are produced.

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12
Q

What is MCV in FBC?

A

Mean corpuscular volume.

Measurement of average size of RBCs.

Decreased MCV = RBCs smaller than normal, may indicate iron deficiency anaemia, inflammation or sometimes thalassaemias

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13
Q

What is MCH in FBC?

A

Mean corposcular haemoglobin

Calculation of the amount of O2 carrying haemoglobin inside your RBCs.

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14
Q

What is MCHC in FBC?

A

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration.

The concentration of Hb in RBCs

Decreased seen where Hb is abnormally seen diluted inRBCs - such as iron deficiency anaemia or thalassaemia

Increased such as spherocytosis

Helps with interpretation of MCH and diagnosing specific red cell disorders.

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15
Q

What is RDW in FBC

A

Red cell distribution width

Calculates variation in the size of your RBcs

In some anaemias such as iron deficiency there is increase in variation of RBC size

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16
Q

When might eosinophil WBC count be higher in FBC

A

Due to atopy or drug allergies.
Hodgkins lymphoma
Bone marrow disorder
Vasculitis

17
Q

When might neutrophil count be raised in FBC?

A

Dynamic so can vary day to day. Normal varies between ethnic groups

18
Q

When might lymphocyte be different in FBC?

A

Increased or decreased by viral infection

Increased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

19
Q

When might monocyte be raised in FBC?

A

Some types of infection e.g TB

or bone marrow disorder e.g. myelodysplasia

20
Q

When might basophil be changed in FBC?

A

Increased with some infections, inflammatory disorders, and some bone marrow disorders eg chronic myeloid leukaemia.

21
Q

when might RBC be increased in FBC

A

When too many are made, and with fluid loss due to diahrrohea dehydration and burns

22
Q

The might MCV be increased in FBC?

A

Elevated = RBC larger than normal e.g. in anemia caused by folic acid deficiency.

Liver disease
Underactive htroid
Pregnany
Alcohol Excess

23
Q

When might platelets count be increased in FBC?

A 
Bleeding
Inflammation
Infection
Surgery
Bone marrow disorders
Absent or underactive spleens
24
Q

When might platelets count be decreased in FBC?

A 
Immune conditions such as SLE or ITP
Vitamin deficiences
Some drugs esp chemo
liver disease
alcoholicism
enlarged speleen 
Wiskott Aldrich

Applied Clinical Physiology (14 decks)

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