Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2A Med Concise > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Acne vulgaris - Pathophysiology

A

Inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous follicles

Hormonal - increased androgen sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acne vulgaris - Complications

A

Scars
Psychological/social
Erythematous/pigmented macules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acne vulgaris - Treatment

A 
Avoid over washing
Don't pick
Diet
Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibiotics (clindamycin)
Oral antibiotics (doxycycline)
Oral retinoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General eczema - Pathophysioogy

A

Chronic, relapsing and remitting, inflammatory condition

Vesicles and bullae cause red scaly patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General eczema - 2 Types

A

Endogenous - Atopic eczema (early childhood)

Exogenous - Contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atopic eczema - Cause

A

Family history of atopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atopic eczema - Exacerbating factors

A

Infection
Strong detergents
Cats/dogs
Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atopic eczema - Investigation

A

Serum IgE
Skin-prick test
RAST (Specific IgE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atopic eczema - Treatment

A

Avoid exacerbating factors
Frequent emmolients
Bath soap substitutes
Topical corticosteroids (mild, moderate, potent
Adjuvant therapy - Oral antibiotoics, oral antihistmaines, bandages
Phototherapy (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atopic eczema - Complications

A

Secondary bacterial/viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Psoriasis - Pathophysiology

A

Chronic, inflammatory skin condition occurring due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
Chronic plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psoriasis - Causes

A

Genetic

Environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psoriasis - Exacerbating factors

A 
Trauma
Infection 
Drugs
Stress
Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psoriasis - Symptoms

A 
Red, scaly plaques
Itchy
Painful 
Nail changes
Lower back, scalp, elbows, knees (extensor areas)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psoriasis - Treatment

A

Avoid irritants
Use emmolients
1st line - Topical therapy (corticosteroids)
2nd line - Phototherapy, methotrexate
3rd line - Biological agents - TNF - alpha inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Venous ulcer - Pathophysiology

A

Venous disease involving varicose veins, DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Venous ulcer - Symptoms

A 
Large, shallow, irregular
Exudative and granulating
Medial malleolus to knee
Painful, worse standing 
Normal pulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Venous ulcer - Treatment

A

Compression bandaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does ABPI stand for?

A

Ankle brachial pressure index

Arterial insufficiency = <0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Arterial ulcer - Pathophysiology

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Arterial ulcer - Symptoms

A 
Small, defined, deep
Necrotic base
Very painful at night
Pressure sites
Absent peripheral pulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Arterial ulcer - Investigations

A

ABPI (<0.8 = arterial insufficiency)
Doppler
Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arterial ulcer - Treatment

A

Vascular reconstruction

24
Q

Neuropathic ulcer - Pathophysiology

A

Diabetes

Neurological disease

25
Q

Neuropathic ulcer - Symptoms

A 
Variable size and depth
Painless
Pressure sites (soles, heels, toes)
Granulating base
Peripheral neuropathy
26
Q

Neuropathic ulcer - Investigations

A

ABPI (<0.8)

XR

27
Q

Neuropathic ulcer - Treatment

A

Wound debridement (Removal of dead tissue)
Appropriate footwear
Diet

28
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - Pathophysiology

A

Slow growing, locally invasive malignant tumour of the epidermal keratinocytes
Rarely metastatic!

29
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - Risk factors

A

Sun damage

Age

30
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - Treatment

A

Surgical excision

Radio

31
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - Pathophysiology

A

Locally invasive malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes
Grows quicker than basal cell carcinoma
Potential to metastasise via lymph

32
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - Risk factors

A

UV
Skin conditions
Chronic inflammation

33
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma - Treatment

A

Surgical excision

Radio

34
Q

Skin cancer - Types

A

Non-melanoma - BCC and SCC

Melanoma - Malignant melanoma

35
Q

What is the single most preventative risk factor for skin cancer?

A

Sun exposure

36
Q

Malignant melanoma - Pathophysiology

A

Invasive, malignant tumour of epidermal melanocytes

Potential to metastasise from epidermis to dermis (invasive melanoma)

37
Q

Malignant melanoma - Risk factors

A

UV radiation
Type 1 skin (fair skin)
Multiple/atypical moles

38
Q

Malignant melanoma - Symptoms (ABCDE)

A 
Pigmented skin lesion
Asymmetry
Border irregularity 
Colour irregularity 
Diameter >6mm
Evolution of lesion (change in size/shape)
39
Q

Malignant melanoma - Treatment

A

Surgical excision
Radio
Chemo (managing mets)

40
Q

Malignant melanoma - Prognosis

A

Recurrence based on thickness of tumour

41
Q

Gangrene - Pathophysiology

A

Death of tissue from poor vascular supply

42
Q

Gangrene - 2 Types

A

Dry gangrene - Necrosis without infection

Wet gangrene - Necrosis with infection

43
Q

Gangrene - Treatment

A

Dry gangrene - Amputation

Wet gangrene - Analgesia, IV antibodies, surgical debridement, amputation (last resort)

44
Q

Cellulitis - Pathophysiology

A

Acute bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

45
Q

Cellulitis - Causes

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

46
Q

Cellulitis - Risk factors

A 
Immunosuppression 
Break in skin
Ulcers
Fungal infection between toes
Skin disorder (eczema)
47
Q

Cellulitis - Symptoms

A 
Acute hot, red, swollen and tender skin
Fever
Nausea
Lower limb
Unilateral
48
Q

Cellulitis - Differential diagnoses

A

DVT
Septic arthritis
Gout

49
Q

Cellulitis - Investigations

A

Exam

Bloods - Raised WCC, ESR/CRP, cultures

50
Q

Cellulitis - Treatment

A

Antibiotics - Fluclooxacillin
Leg rest, elevation
Analgesia

51
Q

If allergic to flucloxacillin what is alternative antibiotics?

A

Clarithromycin

52
Q

Cellulitis - Complications

A

Necrotising fasciitis

53
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - Pathophysiology

A

Life-threatening infection of deep fascia causing necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
Rapidly progressive

54
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - Risk factors

A

Abdo surgery

55
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - Cause

A

Group A haemolytic streptococcus

Polymicrobial

56
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - Symptoms

A

Intense pain over affected area
Erythematous, necrotic and blistering skin
Fever
Tachycardia

57
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - Treatment

A

Radical debridement
Amputation
IV antibiotics - Clarithromycin, benzylpenicillin

Phase 2A Med Concise (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions