Oncology Flashcards
Benign epithelial
Papilloma (e.g. squamous cell papilloma)
Benign glandular/secretory
Adenoma (e.g. tubulovillous adenoma)
Malignant epithelial
Carcinoma (e.g. transitional cell carcinoma - urothelium)
Malignant glandular/secretory
Adenocarcinoma (e.g. adenocarcinoma of colon)
Benign connective tissue
Osteoma - Bone Chondroma - Cartilage Lipoma - Adipocytes Rhabdomyoma - Striated muscle Leiomyoma - Smooth muscle Angioma - Vascular
Malignant connective tissue
Osteosarcoma - Bone Chondrosarcoma - Cartilage Liposarcoma - Adipocytes Rhabdomyosarcoma - Striated muscle Leiomyosarcoma - Smooth muscle Angiosarcoma - Vascular
3 Malignant tumours that don’t end in carcinoma/sarcoma
Melanoma
Lymphoma
Mesothelioma
3 -omas that are not neoplasms
Granuloma
Mycetoma
Tuberculoma
Where is hepatocellular carcinoma uncommon?
UK/USA
Where is there a high incidence of oesophageal carcinoma due to dietary factors?
Iran/Turkey - Hot coffee
China/Japan - Chicken type
Lung cancer is strongly associated with
Smoking
Bladder cancer is strongly associated with industries such as
Dye/rubber
Scrotal cancer is strongly associated with
Chimney sweeps
Which chemical carcinogen causes lung and skin cancer?
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Radiographers are at increased risk of which cancer?
Skin cancer
Uranium miners are at increased risk of which cancer?
Lung cancer
Ukrainian children are at increased risk of which cancer?
Thyroid cancer
Increased oestrogen hormone increases risk of which cancer?
Endometrial cancer
Anabolic steroids and mycotoxins increases risk of which cancer?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Parasites increase risk of which cancer
Bladder cancer
Increased risk of oral cancer in SE Asia due to 2 things
Reverse smoking
Betal chewing
Reduced skin cancer in blacks due to
Melanin
Management of basal cell carcinoma
Complete local excision
Leukaemia - Symptoms
Fever Weight loss Frequent infections SOB Muscle weakness Joint pain Night sweats Easy bleeding/bruising Liver/spleen enlargement Lymph nodes swelling Fatigue
