Skin Flashcards
Signs of disease are divided into 2 classifications: Subjective and Objective. What do they each mean?
Subjective: can be felt by the individual (itching, burning, pain)
Objective: can be seen by the individual and others (pimples, rashes, inflammation)
What are the 6 signs of infection?
Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, discharge
What is an allergy?
Sensitivity from contact with normally harmless substances
What is inflammation?
Redness, pain, swelling, and/or increased temperature
What does chronic mean?
Conditions that are frequent and habitual
What does acute mean?
Conditions that are brief and severe
What is a contagious disease?
One that is communicable by contact
What is a seasonal disease?
A disease influenced by weather
What is Etiology?
Study of the cause of disease
What is pathology?
Study of diseases
If a client experiences a change in any of these characteristics in a mole or other skin feature, refer to a physician.
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution (size)
What are occupational disorders?
Occur in certain types of employment
What is contact dermatitis?
Skin becomes red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact with a substance.
What are the 2 kinds of contact dermatitis?
Irritant contact dermatitis: most common, caused by contact with acids, alkaline materials, solvents, or other chemicals. Usually looks like a burn
Allergic contact dermatitis: caused by exposure to substances or materials to which a person has become extra sensitive or allergic. Often causes a red streaky or patchy rash. Often reaction is delayed 24-48 hours
What are lesions?
Abnormal changes in the structure of an organ or tissue
What are the 3 categories of lesions?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Macules, vesicles, papules, pustules, wheals, and tumors are all examples of what category of skin lesions?
Primary skin lesions
What are macules?
Discoloration on the skin surface, such as a freckle; can proceed with service. Primary skin lesion
What are vesicles?
Fluid-filled elevations, accumulation of fluid or blood just below epidermis; no service on the affected area. Primary skin lesion
What are papules?
Hardened red elevation, no fluid, example: pimple. Can proceed with service. Primary skin lesion
What are pustules?
Elevations in the skin, similar to vesicles in size and shape, contain pus. Example: pimple. No service on affected areas. Primary skin lesion
What are wheals?
Solid formation above skin, often caused by insect bites or allergic reaction. Hives- no service on affected area. Mosquito bite- can proceed with service . Primary skin lesion
What are tumors?
Solid masses in the skin, may be elevated or deep, may be hard or soft, may be fixed or movable. Example - nodule, cyst. No service on affected area. Primary skin lesion
Scales, crusts, excoriations, fissures, scars, and ulcers are all in which category of skin lesions?
Secondary skin lesions
True or False: Secondary lesions appear as a disease progresses into later stages of development.
True
What are scales?
Example: dandruff- shedding dead cells of uppermost layer of epidermis. Can proceed with service. Secondary skin lesion.
Example: psoriasis - round dry patches of skin covered with rough, silvery scales. No service on affected area. Secondary skin lesion
What are crusts?
Dried masses, remains of oozing sore. No service on affected area. Secondary skin lesion
What are excoriations?
Mechanical abrasion or injury to the epidermis. Example: scratch. No service on affected area. Secondary skin lesion
What are fissures?
Cracks or lines in the skin. Often occur due to exposure to wind, cold, water. Example: chapped lips. No service on affected area. Secondary skin lesion
What are scars?
Formations resulting from a lesion as part of the healing process. Also known as Cicatrix. May proceed with service. Secondary skin lesion
What are ulcers?
Open lesions. May result in loss of a portion of the dermal layer. No service on affected area. Secondary skin lesion
What is hypertrophy?
Skin classification that identifies common skin conditions that involve an overgrowth or excess of skin
Callus (hyperkeratosis), verruca, and skin tags are all part of this skin classification:
Hypertrophy
What is a callus?
Also known as hyperkeratosis or keratoma. Thickening of the epidermis. Example: corn. Can proceed with service
What is a verruca?
Variety of warts, caused by a virus, can be contagious. Warts are referred to as the most common tumor. No service on affected area.
What are skin tags?
Small, elevated growths of skin, easily removed by physician. Can proceed with service
What are pigmentation abnormalities?
Conditions of too much or too little color in a particular area of skin.
What are the two types of pigmentation abnormalities?
Melanoderma: Hyperpigmentation (too much)
Leukoderma: hypo pigmentation (too little)
Can proceed with service
Chloasma, miles, and nevus are all which type of pigmentation abnormality?
Melanoderma
Albinism and vitiligo are both this type of pigmentation abnormality:
Leukoderma
What are comedones?
Disorder of the sebaceous gland. Small bumps frequently on forehead and chin. open are blackheads, closed are whiteheads
What are milia?
Disorder of the sebaceous gland. Pearly white, enclosed keratin filled cysts. Form a hard ball beneath outer layer of skin
What is acne?
Chronic, inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands, often accompanied by lesions such as pimples, pustules, or cysts
What is rosacea?
Chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose; redness, with papules and sometimes pustules
What is Asteatosis?
Dry, scaly skin with reduced sebum production
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
A form of eczema, common skin rash with redness and scaly, pinkish yellow patches that have an oily appearance. Usually affects the scalp
What is steatoma?
Also called sebaceous cyst or wen. A subcutaneous tumor of the sebaceous gland, filled with sebum. Usually on scalp, neck or back. Ranges in size from pea to orange
What are furuncles?
Boils, appear in the dermal layer and the epidermis and are caused by an acute bacterial infection. They are localized infections of hair follicles. Service may NOT be performed on affected area
What are carbuncles?
Cluster of furuncles, service may NOT be performed on affected area
What is bromidrosis?
Body odor. Medical condition. Disorder of the sudoriferous glands
Bromidrosis, anhidrosis, hyperhidrosis, miliaria rubra (or prickly heat) are all disorders of:
Disorders of the sudoriferous glands
What is anhidrosis?
Inability to sweat normally
What is hyperhidrosis?
Over production of perspiration
What is miliaria rubra?
Also called prickly heat, and acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat. Services may NOT be performed
What is dermatitis?
Common skin infection. Inflammatory infection of the skin. Service may NOT be performed
What is eczema?
Characterized by dry or moist lesions with inflammation of the skin. May be chronic or acute and should be referred to a physician. Service may NOT be performed
What is impetigo?
Highly contagious bacterial infection that produces a honey yellow crusted lesion, usually on the face. Service may NOT be performed
What is folliculitis?
Infection in the hair follicles caused by bacteria, shaving, or clothing irritation. Usually looks like a red pimple with a hair in the center. Service may NOT be performed on area
What is Pseudofolliculitis barbae?
Medical term for razor bumps or irritation following shaving. Service may NOT be performed on area
What is conjunctivitis?
Pink eye. Inflammation of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and eyeball. Characterized by itching and redness, contagious. Service may NOT be performed on area
What is tinea?
Ringworm. Red circular patch of blisters. Contagious, caused by fungal vegetable parasite
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Lowest to highest:
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
What are the 2 layers of the dermal layer?
Papillary- lots of blood vessels
Reticular- bottom layer
What are the 3 layers of skin from outermost to innermost?
Epidermis, dermal, subcutaneous
What are the 6 basic functions of the skin?
Shapes
Sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion (sweat), secretion (sebum)
Which of the following is a contraindication for receiving a facial massage? Dry skin, oily skin, low blood pressure, or high blood pressure
High blood pressure
All of the following statements describe the cells in the stratum granulosum, except:
A. Look like tiny granules
B. Are called squamous cells
C. Become more regularly shaped
D. Eventually replace cells that are shed
B. Are called squamous cells
The term used to describe the removal of hair from the follicles is:
Epilation
