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Cosmo- Rogers > Science: Matter > Flashcards

Science: Matter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter?

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Which type of chemistry deals with matter that is living or was alive, with carbon present?

A

Organic chemistry

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3
Q

What type of chemistry studies matter that is not alive, has never been alive, and does not contain carbon

A

Inorganic Chemistry

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4
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has weight

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5
Q

Color, odor, weight (density), melting or boiling point, hardness, softness, and glossiness are all properties of what?

A

matter

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6
Q

What are the 3 basic forms of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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7
Q

Which form of matter has definite weight, volume, and shape?

A

a solid

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8
Q

What form of matter has definite weight and volume but no definite shape?

A

a liquid

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9
Q

What form of matter has definite weight but indefinite volume and shape?

A

a gas

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10
Q

Matter can be changed from one form to another in what 2 ways?

A

physical or chemical change

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11
Q

What is a physical change of matter?

A

Change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance. EX: water to ice

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12
Q

What is a chemical change of matter?

A

Change in substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original. EX: iron changing to rust, baking a cake, or hair color change by missing hair color and hydrogen peroxide

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13
Q

What are basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances?

A

Elements

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14
Q

How many known elements are there?

A
  1. Those above the 92nd are synthetic
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15
Q

Because they form the basis of hair, nails, and skin, 5 elements are important for the salon professional to know. What are they?

A

carbon- solid
oxygen- gas
hydrogen- gas
nitrogen- gas
sulfur- solid

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16
Q

What is the smallest complete unit of an element?

A

atom

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17
Q

Atoms are composed of what 3 main parts?

A

protons- positive electrical charge
neutrons- no electrical charge
electrons- negative electrical charge

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18
Q

What are the atomic numbers for carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur

A

Carbon: 6
Oxygen: 8
Hydrogen: 1
Nitrogen: 7
Sulfur: 16

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19
Q

Chemical behavior of atoms depends mostly on the number of electrons in the ____________?

A

outer shell

20
Q

Stable atoms: not missing electrons in outer shell OR missing electrons in the outer shell?

A

not missing electrons in the outer shell

21
Q

Unstable atoms: not missing electrons in outer shell OR missing electrons in the outer shell?

A

missing electrons in the outer shell

22
Q

The atomic number indicates how many _________ are in a single atom of a particular element.

A

protons

23
Q

When two or more atoms are joined together by a chemical bond, it creates what?

A

molecules

24
Q

Different atoms joined together as molecules become the smallest parts of what?

A

a compound

25
Q

Pure substances are made of one type of _______ or __________.

A

atom or molecule

26
Q

Mixtures contain two or more substances that are ____________ ____________.

A

physically combined

27
Q

What are compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen?

A

amino acids

28
Q

Hair is a form of protein called?

A

keratin

29
Q

The amino acids that create protein are linked together end to end by a ___________ bond, also known as an _________ bond.

A

peptide bond, end bond

30
Q

Hair is the linking together of __________ groups.

A

protein

31
Q

What are the 4 side bonds?

A
  1. hydrogen bond
  2. salt bond
  3. disulfide bond
  4. van der Waals forces
32
Q

Which type of bond works on the principle that unlike charges attract? It can easily be broken by heat or water. Accounts for 35% of hair’s strength due to millions of the bonds in hair’s structure.

A

Hydrogen Bond

33
Q

Which type of bond is a result of the attraction of unlike charges; the negative charge in one amino acid grouping attracts the positive charge in another? Accounts for 35% of hair’s resistance to change.

A

Salt bond

34
Q

What type of bond results when sulfur-type side chains join with other sulfur-type side chains? It is the most important bond to salon professionals. Broken or reformed by chemical services, producing a chemical change with lasting results.

A

Disulfide Bond

35
Q

Which bond is based on the theory that atomic groups prefer an environment with other groups that have similar structures? It is not important for cosmetology services.

A

van der Waals force

36
Q

Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called?

A

elements

37
Q

Neutrons have which type of electrical charge? None, chemical, positive, or negative?

A

none

38
Q

Atoms that are the same form?
mixture, element, emulsion, or compound

A

element

39
Q

Atoms that are different form?
mixture, element, emulsion, compound

A

compound

40
Q

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen form the basis of?
mixtures, elements, compounds, or amino acids

A

Amino Acids

41
Q

What makes up the primary composition of hair?
keratin, protons, electrons, or trace minerals?

A

keratin

42
Q

Which bond is the backbone of all protein molecules?
salt, keratin, peptide, or hydrogen?

A

peptide

43
Q

Putting a sodium hydroxide relaxer under a hair dryer….
A. Will link together protein groups
B. Could turn into van der Waals forces
C. will increase the hair’s amino acid content
D. Could break the critical peptide bonds and destroy the protein

A

D. Could break the critical peptide bonds and destroy the protein

44
Q

When amino acids combine to form the protein of the hair they …..
a. they form a new amino acid group
b.they take on a spiraling configuration
c.the hair’s amino acid content will decrease
d.the hair’s amino acid content will increase

A

b.they take on a spiraling configuration

45
Q

What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?

A

Disulfide Bond

46
Q

Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?

a. salt bonds connect to amino acids
b. hydrogen bonds create a chemical change
c. amino acids cause a simple physical change
d. bonding of protein chains to other protein chains

A

d. bonding of protein chains to other protein chains

Cosmo- Rogers (11 decks)

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