Science Part 2: The Nervous System Flashcards
What is Neuroscience?
The study of the nervous system
The nervous system is divided into 3 subsystems. What are they?
Central or Cerebrospinal
Peripheral
Autonomic
What are the primary components of the nervous system?
Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves
The central nervous system is responsible for all voluntary body action. True or False?
true
What organ controls the nervous system? It is referred to as the command center.
brain
Which organ is composed of long nerve fibers; originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine?
Spinal Cord
Which part of the nervous system is composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. This network of nerve cells carries messages to and from the central nervous system.
The Peripheral Nervous System
What part of the nerve cell takes information away from the nerve cell?
Axons
What part of the nerve cell brings information to the cell body
Dendrites
Which type of nerve carries messages to the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory or Afferent
Which type of nerve carries messages from the brain to muscles and glands?
Motor or Efferent
Which nerve is the chief sensory nerve that transmits facial sensations to the brain; controls motor nerve function of chewing; and divides into 3 main branches?
Trifacial Nerve
What are the 3 branches of the Trifacial Nerve?
Ophthalmic- top 1/3 of face
Maxillary- middle 1/3 of face
Mandibular- bottom 1/3 of face
Where is the Supraorbital nerve?
Extends to skin of upper eyelid, eyebrow, forehead, and scalp
Where is the Supraochlear nerve?
Extends to the skin of the upper side of the nose and between the eyes
Where is the Infratrochlear nerve
Emerges on the skin of the upper eyelid and side of the nose
Where is the nasal nerve?
Extends to the tip and lower side of the nose
Where is the Zygomatic nerve?
Extends to the side of the forehead, temple, and upper part of the cheek
Where is the Infraorbital nerve?
Extends to the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth
Where is the Auriculotemporal nerve?
Extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple
Where is the mental nerve?
Extends to the lower lip and chin
What nerve is the primary motor nerve of the face; it emerges from the brain at the lower part of the ear; has 6 branches of particular importance.
Facial nerve.
Where is the posterior auricular nerve?
Extends to the muscles behind and below the ear
Where is the temporal nerve?
Extends to muscles of temple, side of forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper cheek
Where is the zygomatic nerve?
extends to upper muscles of cheek
Where is the bucal nerve?
extends to the muscles of the mouth
Where is the marginal mandibular nerve?
Extends to the muscles of the chin and lower lip
Where is the Cervical nerve?
Extends to the muscles on the side of the neck and platysma muscle
Where is the Ulnar nerve?
extends down little-finger side of arm into palm of the hand
Where is the radial nerve?
Extends down the thumb side of arm into back of the hand
Where is the Median nerve?
Extends down mid-forearm into the hand
Where is the digital nerve?
Extends into fingers of the the hand
Where is the Sciatic nerve?
Begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down into the lower limb
Where is the Tibial nerve?
Passes behind the knee and the common peroneal nerve
Where is the Common Peroneal nerve?
Runs alongside the sciatic nerve from the femur to the buttocks, then ventures further down on its own along the knee and behind the fibula. The nerve then splits inside of the neck of the fibula into the deep peroneal and superficial peroneal
Where is the Dorsal nerve?
The superficial nerve simply sits closer to the skin than the deep nerve and becomes the dorsal nerve
Where is the Saphenous nerve?
Begins in the thigh
Where is the SUral nerve?
Runs down the back of the leg to the outside of the foot and little toe
What nervous system is responsible for all involuntary body functions and operates the digestive, excretory, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive systems.
The autonomic nervous system
Which system breaks down food into simpler chemical compounds to be easily absorbed by cells or eliminated from the body in waste products?
The digestive system
Describe the digestive process:
The digestive process begins as soon as food is ingested, when enzymes secreted by the salivary glands (1) start breaking down the food. Food travels down the pharynx (2) and through the esophagus (3) into the stomach (4), propelled by a twisting and turning motion of the esophagus called peristalsis
In the stomach, hydrochloric acids and several other enzymes further break down food. As partially digested food passes from the stomach into the small intestine (5), the assimilation of nutrients begins. Undigested food passes into the large intestine (6), or colon, which stores the waste for eventual
elimination through the anal canal.
What is the purpose of the excretory system?
Eliminates solid, liquid, and gaseous waste products from the body.
Organs of the excretory system include:
skin, liver, kidneys
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
intake of oxygen, exhalation of carbon dioxide
What are the primary respiratory organs?
- The lungs are spongy organs composed of cells into which air enters when you inhale. These cells
process oxygen for absorption into the blood and release carbon dioxide as you exhale. - The diaphragm is a muscular organ that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. The diaphragm expands and contracts automatically to force air in and out of the lungs
What system is composed of a group of specialized ductless glands that regulate and control
the growth, reproduction, and health of the body? It directly affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels.
The endocrine system
