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A&P > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Name one specific mechanism the skin has to prevent microbial entry

A

It’s outer structure is like shingles of a house

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2
Q

How is the skin involved in keeping the bones strong?

A

Vitamin D synthesis

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3
Q

The main protein in the epidermis

A

Keratin

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4
Q

The main protein in the dermis

A

Collagen

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5
Q

Dermis

A

Structural strength of skin
Processed into leather
Dense irregular connective tissue

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

No blood vessels
Resists water lost the most 

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7
Q

Hypodermis

A

Not a part of skin, anchors it to underlying structures
Half of body’s fat is found here

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8
Q

Compared to epidermis, dermis has more

A

Hair follicles, collagen, fibroblasts, capillaries, adipose tissue 

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9
Q

The most abundant cells in epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

Layers of epidermis in order from deep to superficial

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
    4 Stratum lucidum
    S Stratum corneum
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11
Q

The outermost protective layer of dead cells full of keratin is the stratum:

A

Corneum

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12
Q

The proliferative layer of epithelium is the stratum

A

Basale

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13
Q

The superficial layer of dermis that anchors the epidermis is the

A

Papillary layer

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14
Q

What are stretch marks (striae)?

A

Tears in the dermis

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15
Q

What specific structure gives rise to the ridges in fingerprints and footprints?

A

Dermal papillae

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16
Q

No matter a person’s skin color, the ____ is the same

A

Number of melanocytes

17
Q

Conditions and their color/mechanism

A

Albinism: white, genetic
Pallor: white, reduced blood flow
Vitiligo: white, autoimmune
Jaundice: yellow
Cyanosis: blue
Erythema: red

18
Q

A mole (nevus) is a benign overgrowth of

A

Melanocytes

19
Q

Liver disorders and hemolytic anemias are associated with this skin color:

A

Yellow

20
Q

Males appear “hairier” because of a higher proportion of:

A

Terminal hairs

21
Q

The main structural protein in hair and nails is:

A

Keratin

22
Q

Dividing cells that produce hair are found in the:

A

Hair matrix

23
Q

Sensory receptor detecting movement of the hair shaft:

A

Hair root plexus

24
Q

Unlike depilatories or laser hair removal, electrolysis is considered permanent because it destroys the:

A

Hair matrix, stratum basale

25
Q

What is more true of eccrine sweat glands than apocrine

A

Provide more heat regulation, glands function from birth, glands are more common in the body

(Not true: more fat and protein and sweat)

26
Q

Sebum is ___ and functions to ____

A

Oily, lubricate the skin

27
Q

What acts to prevent the spread of bacteria?

A

Sweat & sebum

28
Q

A function of cerumen

A

Keeps stuff out of the ears

29
Q

Which epidermal layer hardens and keratinizes to form nails?

A

Stratum corneum

30
Q

In onychophagia, or nail biting, the ____ comes in contact with the teeth 

A

Free edge

31
Q

Nail growth happens in the

A

Nail matrix

32
Q

Injury to the dermis often results in scar tissue, while epidermal injury never does. What’s the difference?

A

The epidermis doesn’t have fibroblasts

33
Q

Wound healing steps in order

A
  1. Clot formation
  2. Vasodilation
  3. Phagocytosis, oxidative burst
  4. Fibroblasts proliferation
  5. Scab formation
  6. Angiogenesis
34
Q

What are cleavage lines, and why is it a good idea for surgeons to cut along them instead of against them?

A

The collagen and elastic fibers go in a certain direction and cutting along them instead of against will help the skin heal more quickly and fully

35
Q

A burn that involves the entire epidermis and some or all of the dermis, creating blistering without going into subcutaneous tissue

A

2nd degree

A&P (17 decks)

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