Skeletal

Question 1

What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow? 

Answer 1

Red marrow: produces blood cells
Yellow marrow: stores fats

Question 2

What happens to bone if the mineral salt content is too high? 

Answer 2

Bone becomes brittle

Question 3

What happens to bone if the mineral salt content is too low?

Answer 3

Bone becomes soft & bendy

Question 4

Cells that dissolve bone extracellular matrix 

Answer 4

Osteoclasts

Question 5

Cells that secrete bone extracellular matrix

Answer 5

Osteoblasts

Question 6

True or False

Compact bone contains trabeculae

Answer 6

False

True statement:
Lacunae
Osteons
Lamellae

Question 7

Within _____, the structural unit of compact bone, cells called _____ live in small spaces called _____ and communicate with each other through numerous small channels called _____.

Answer 7

Osteons
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi

Question 8

Which bones have spongy bone and which have compact bone?

Answer 8

All bones have both

Question 9

Difference between trabeculae and osteons

Answer 9

Trabeculae are spongy bones and look like a lattice while osteons are compact bone and are cylindrical shape

Question 10

Locations where red bone marrow is preserved into adulthood 

Answer 10

Hips, ribs, sternum, vertebrae

Question 11

Cube-shaped bones in the wrist and ankle are what kind of bones?

Answer 11

Short bones

Question 12

Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, and scapulae are what type of bones?

Answer 12

Flat bones

Question 13

Bones touch other bones where?

Answer 13

Articular cartilage

Question 14

What is the shaft or body of a long bone?

Answer 14

Diaphysis

Question 15

Endochondral ossification in the diaphysis spread from…

Answer 15

The middle towards the end

Question 16

Embryonic mesenchyme gives rise to bone directly in _____ ossification, which _____ involve an epiphyseal plate.

Answer 16

Intramembranous, does not

Question 17

The cell responsible for the growth in length of long bones is what?

Answer 17

Chondrocyte

Question 18

Complete fracture

Answer 18

Bone entirely broken

Question 19

Incomplete/partial fracture

Answer 19

Bone cracks but still 1 piece

Question 20

Open fracture

Answer 20

Skin broken
Aka compound fracture

Question 21

Closed fracture

Answer 21

Skin intact
Aka simple fracture

Question 22

Displaced fracture

Answer 22

Ends of fracture fragments separated

Question 23

Nondisplaced fracture

Answer 23

Fragments remain in alignment and position

Question 24

Bone healing process

Answer 24

1. Bleeding
2. Inflammation (fibroblasts)
3. Collagen/fibrosis (chondroblasts)
4. Collagen/fibrosis (osteoblasts)
5. Callus
6. Remodeling

Question 25

When blood calcium _____, parathyroid hormone increases, resulting in calcium moving _____ the bones

Answer 25

Falls, out of

Question 26

The hormone calcitonin encourages the body to remove calcium from the blood and put it in the bones. This is _____ and is done by _____.

Answer 26

Deposition, osteoblasts

Question 27

Blood calcium falls, so calcium is taken from the bones to restore a normal blood level. This is _____ and is done by _____.

Answer 27

Resorption, osteoclasts

Question 28

Needed for collagen synthesis, deficiency = slow bone growth and repair:

Answer 28

Vitamin C

Question 29

Can be made from sunlight and cholesterol or absorbed from the diet, stimulates calcium absorption

Answer 29

Vitamin D

Question 30

What stimulates bone growth

Answer 30

Thyroid hormone Growth hormone Insulin and insulin-like growth factors Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin K Vitamin A

Question 31

Bone resorption _____ with weight-bearing exercise and _____ with aging.

Answer 31

Decreases, increases

Question 32

Fontanels become what

Answer 32

Sutures

Question 33

How many bones in the body?

Answer 33

206

Question 34

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 34

Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae

Question 35

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 35

Limbs and girdles

Question 36

Convex curves are found in what parts of the spine? 

Answer 36

Cervical and lumbar 

Question 37

Concave curves are found in what parts of the spine? 

Answer 37

Thoracic and sacral 

Question 38

An intervertebral disk is _____ on the outside and _____ on the inside 

Answer 38

Fibrocartilage, elastic/pulpy

Question 39

What does an intervertebral foramen contain?

Answer 39

A spinal nerve

Question 40

What does the vertebral foremen contain? 

Answer 40

The spinal cord

Question 41

The lumbar vertebrae’s movement is limited by what? 

Answer 41

Joint articulations 

Question 42

What is found in the carpal tunnel? 

Answer 42

Flexor tendons and median nerve 

Question 43

The pectoral girdle is _____ than the pelvic girdle 

Answer 43

Weaker and more mobile 

Question 44

When does bone destruction begin to outpace bone formation?

Answer 44

Middle age

Question 45

What are the ends of long bones called?

Answer 45

Epiphysis

Question 46

What is the place between diaphysis and epiphysis called? 

Answer 46

Metaphysis (where plate grows)

Question 47

Why does the body have a patella? 

Answer 47

For leverage