Chemistry

Question 1

Which four elements, make up 96% of the mass, are the most common in the body?

Answer 1

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen 

Question 2

Carbon–14, a radioactive isotope of carbon, has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is it atomic number? What is its mass number?

Answer 2

Atomic number is 6
Mass number is 14 

Question 3

What are the building blocks of elements? 

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

“Noble gases” like helium and neon are inert because

Answer 4

They have full outer energy levels (valence shells) 

Question 5

Salt formed from what kind of bonds?

Answer 5

Ionic 

Question 6

The water molecule is made from what kind of bonds?

Answer 6

Polar covalent 

Question 7

What type of bond do you think potassium, atomic number 19, would make with fluorine, atomic number 9?

Answer 7

Ionic bond

Question 8

True or False

Salts are an organic compound

Answer 8

False

True statements:
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates 

Question 9

As a percentage, how much of the bodies mass is made up of water?

Answer 9

55-60%

Question 10

As the pH decreases, a solution becomes _____ acidic, and the concentration of hydrogen ion _____. 

Answer 10

More
Increases

Question 11

A base dissociates into what

Answer 11

Hydroxyl ion and an anion

Question 12

What is the difference between “strong” and “weak” when referring to acids and bases? 

Answer 12

Strong acids and bases dissolve, completely in water, while weak acids and bases do not
(complete vs incomplete dissociation)

Question 13

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are mixed together in a solution and react. What are the products of the reaction? 

Answer 13

NaCl and H2O

Question 14

Macromolecule units such as glucose or amino acids polymerize (combine to form larger chains), releasing water, in which type of reaction?

Answer 14

Dehydration synthesis 

Question 15

What does it mean when a person undergoes denaturation (denatures)?

Answer 15

Loses 3-D structure and function

Question 16

This type of compound make cell membranes and steroids, and is insoluble in water

Answer 16

Lipid

Question 17

This type of compound can be fibrous and structural or globular and functional

Answer 17

Protein

Question 18

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine (A,T,G&C) are found in a what?

Answer 18

Nucleic acid

Question 19

True or False

Saturated fatty acids contain at least one C-C double bond 

Answer 19

False

True statements:
Trans fatty acids.
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 20

Starch in plants is similar in structure and function to _____ in animals 

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

This molecule carries information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a single strand

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

This molecule is found in all body tissues, is essential to cell membrane structure and brain function, and is the molecule all other steroids in the body are made from.

Answer 22

Cholesterol 

Question 23

What makes an amino acid essential?

Answer 23

Synthesis doesn’t meet demand, outside source needed 

Question 24

Collagen is a

Answer 24

Fibrous protein

Question 25

What is the chemical energy used by all cells?

Answer 25

ATP