Chemistry Flashcards
Which four elements, make up 96% of the mass, are the most common in the body?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen 
Carbon–14, a radioactive isotope of carbon, has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is it atomic number? What is its mass number?
Atomic number is 6
Mass number is 14 
What are the building blocks of elements? 
Atoms
“Noble gases” like helium and neon are inert because
They have full outer energy levels (valence shells) 
Salt formed from what kind of bonds?
Ionic 
The water molecule is made from what kind of bonds?
Polar covalent 
What type of bond do you think potassium, atomic number 19, would make with fluorine, atomic number 9?
Ionic bond
True or False
Salts are an organic compound
False
True statements:
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates 
As a percentage, how much of the bodies mass is made up of water?
55-60%
As the pH decreases, a solution becomes _____ acidic, and the concentration of hydrogen ion _____. 
More
Increases
A base dissociates into what
Hydroxyl ion and an anion
What is the difference between “strong” and “weak” when referring to acids and bases? 
Strong acids and bases dissolve, completely in water, while weak acids and bases do not
(complete vs incomplete dissociation)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are mixed together in a solution and react. What are the products of the reaction? 
NaCl and H2O
Macromolecule units such as glucose or amino acids polymerize (combine to form larger chains), releasing water, in which type of reaction?
Dehydration synthesis 
What does it mean when a person undergoes denaturation (denatures)?
Loses 3-D structure and function
This type of compound make cell membranes and steroids, and is insoluble in water
Lipid
This type of compound can be fibrous and structural or globular and functional
Protein
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine (A,T,G&C) are found in a what?
Nucleic acid
True or False
Saturated fatty acids contain at least one C-C double bond 
False
True statements:
Trans fatty acids.
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Starch in plants is similar in structure and function to _____ in animals 
Glycogen
This molecule carries information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a single strand
RNA
This molecule is found in all body tissues, is essential to cell membrane structure and brain function, and is the molecule all other steroids in the body are made from.
Cholesterol 
What makes an amino acid essential?
Synthesis doesn’t meet demand, outside source needed 
Collagen is a
Fibrous protein
