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Skin Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is Mealses

A

Viral respiratory infection that can also present with a rash, can show tiny white spots intra-orally

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2
Q

What is Rubella

A

(German measles), viral infection that presents with rough-feeling spotty rash

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3
Q

What is the associated Risk with Rubella

A

High risk to unborn children + pregnant women, will cause foetal abnormalities with 90% mother->child transmission rate

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4
Q

what is chickenpox

A

Varicella zoster virus, highly contagious vial infection

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5
Q

Describe the presentation of chickenpox

A

Small red spots, which become very itchy blisters
first appear on face, back and chest

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6
Q

how can you differentiate chickenpox and measles

A

Measles is respiratory so will see a runny nose, sore throat, hacking cough
chickenpox, the red spots will turn into itchy blisters

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7
Q

In an adult pt, what is the progression of chickenpox from the spots?

A

Virus will retreat to CNS, will lay dormant until a trigger can reactivate it (e.g becoming unwell, temp immunocompromised) and can cause shingles

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8
Q

where is shingles most commonly associated?

A

will affect skin in a dermatome area, frontal division of trigeminal on face

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9
Q

What is the treatment for HSV-1

A

Acyclovir (prevents viral DNA replication)

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10
Q

What are oral manifestations of HSV-1

A

primary herpetic gingival stomatitis - clusters of vesicles/ulcers in mucosa and tongue

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11
Q

What is herpetic whitlow

A

Herpes in the fingers, vesicles form and burst on the fingers,
painful, red, swell

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12
Q

What is the aetiology of warts

A

Human papilloma virus (describes a group of viruses to include HPV),

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13
Q

what is the Tx for warts

A

Cryotherapy, salicylic acid cream

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14
Q

what is the association with HPV

A

Cervical cancer, screening is present to all women aiming to identify intra-epithelial neoplasia

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15
Q

Outline Folliculitis

A

Bacterial infection around a single follicle on the skin

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16
Q

Describe a Boil

A

bacterial infection, extending redness with liquefaction of tissue, creating a painful lump filled with pus

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17
Q

What is a carbuncle

A

An extension of a boil - undermining the skin, bacterial infection involving multiple sites to form a dome for a cluster of boils

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18
Q

What is Erysipelas and how does it present

A

Infection of stept. into dermis layer of skin
Presents as a large, very red swelling forming a clear margin > needs A&E w./ antibiotics

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19
Q

What is impetigo and how does it present

A

Highly contagious infection from either Strept. or Staph.
Will form a vesicle with surrounding area of redness, will rupture to form a yellow crust
involves the outer keratin layer

20
Q

What causes Eczema

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, IgE-mediated inflammation

21
Q

Where does Eczema normally present?

A

moist skin, flexor surfaces, will be incredibly itchy

22
Q

What is the management for eczema?

A

moisturise the skin, avoid strong soaps that’ll wash off natural oils, topical antihistamine and corticosteroids

23
Q

what is the presentation of psoriasis

A

white, scaly patches of itchy skin, normally extensor surfaces

24
Q

Name the differences between psoriasis and eczema

A

(both immunologically mediated)
Eczema = Flexor surfaces, Psoriasis = Extensor surfaces
Psoriasis not type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

24
Q

Name the differences between psoriasis and eczema

A

(both immunologically mediated)
Eczema = Flexor surfaces, Psoriasis = Extensor surfaces
Psoriasis not type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Eczema = broken red skin, Psoriasis = scaly white skin

25
Q

What is SLE?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,
Systemic autoimmune condition that affects skin, joints, liver, kidney, GI
Unknown aetiology, SLE is most common type of lupus

26
Q

How does SLE present?

A

‘Butterfly rash’ across the nose and cheeks

27
Q

Management for SLE

A

Depends on severity and what body systems are involved
Steroids, biological response modifiers, methotrexate (antimetabolite)

28
Q

What is DLE

A

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, a milder form of systemic LE that affects the skin (can progress into systemic LE)

29
Q

Describe the presentation of DLE

A

Round sores, as disks of skin break down to form vesicles

30
Q

What is Raynaud’s phenomenon, and what is it associated with

A
  • Descreased blood flow to the fingers, causing them to go white and cold
  • Scleroderma (thickening, hardening of the skin)
31
Q

What is the aetiology behind lichen planus

A

Cause unknown, immunologically mediated T cell infiltrate

32
Q

Describe oral presentation of lichen planus

A
  • typically bilateral
  • Whickham’s striae >spiderweb appearance of lacy white lines
  • erosive: oral ulcers, persistent areas of redness, covered in yellow slough
33
Q

Management of Oral Lichen planus

A
  • Benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash
  • SLS free toothpaste
  • topical and systemic steroids
34
Q

What is the difference between Pemphigus and pemphigoid

A

(both auto-immune conditions that produce vesicles of bullae in oral mucosa)
- Pemphigus is auto-immune against desmosomes, pemphigoid is auto-immune against hemidesmosomes
- Pemphigus produce easily broken intra-epithelial vesicles, pemphigoid produce sub-epithelial lesions which are less delicate

35
Q

what is a desmosome and which skin condition is associated with it

A

Structure involved in holding epithelial cells together, which are auto-immune attacked in Pemphigus

36
Q

What is a hemidesmosome, and which skin condition is associated with it?

A

Hemidesmosome connects the cells to the basal lamina, associated with pemphigoid

37
Q

What oral condition can disguise itself as a cyst?

A

Chronic discharging dental sinus (can put in a gp point and radiograph it to track it back to tooth causing the issue)

38
Q

Categories for describing skin lesions

A

Where is it
Size and shape
Does it move
Consistency
Compressable, pulsatile, any associated lymphadenopathy/sinus/nerve issues

39
Q

Describe what telangiectasia is and how it presents

A

Vascular lesion, very small clusters of red spots, can be associated with nose bleeds

40
Q

Describe what spider navi is and how it presents

A

common lesions, red ‘spiderweb’ expanding form a point
Associated with liver failure (hepatitis, cirrhosis)

41
Q

Describe appearance of Sturge-weber syndrome

A

Vascular lesion, causes ‘port wine staining’ (big swathe of dark red across skin)
unilateral distribution along trigmenal nerve
can present alongside epilepsy

42
Q

What are the managements for vascular lesions

A

-refer to GP
- laser treatment
- surgical resection
- beware intra-oral > can bleed excessively

43
Q

Where are melanocytes in the skin structure?

A

Basal Layer of epidermis

44
Q

7-point checklist for melanoma:

A
  • change in size (panic if larger than pencil end)
  • irregular pigmentation
  • irregular border
  • itch, altered sensation
  • larger than other lesions
  • inflammation
  • oozing
45
Q

What is the difference in basal and squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Affect different cell types, Squamous is more likely to metastasize, more aggressive than BCC

46
Q

How are skin cancers Diagnosed

A

biopsy

CMS (15 decks)

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