Skin

Question 1

what are you specifically looking for when taking a CBC with diff

Answer 1

WBC (eosinophils) bc they are associated with allergic disorders

Question 2

what would cultures show you for a skin disorder

Answer 2

organisms can be identified by microbial growth

Question 3

what could KOH prep show you for skin disorders

Answer 3

can ID fungal infections by taking skin scrapings and adding the KOH solution

Question 4

what are immunoglobulin E (IgE) used for when identifying skin disorders

Answer 4

used to ID atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 5

what does OLD CARTS stand for when doing an assessment

Answer 5

onset, location, duration, characteristics, alleviating/aggravating factors, timing, relieving factors, severity

Question 6

what are some things we should teach patients regarding fungal infection prevention

Answer 6

have pets evaluated, dont share personel items (towels, hats, underwear), bathing/hygiene, do not scratch, treat the entire family

Question 7

what are the considerations when using a topical vs oral antifungal

Answer 7

topical for minor, oral for more intensive infection

Question 8

what is the teaching for antifungal medications

Answer 8

check periodically for reasponse to treatments, continue even after infection has resolved - topical use caution around nails and scalp

Question 9

what are some topical antifungals (what are some of them more commonly used for)

Answer 9

Clotrimazole (Lotrimin) – athletes foot
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Miconazole (Aloe Vesta)
Nystatin – good for diaper rash,

Question 10

what are some oral antifungals

Answer 10

Terbinafine
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Grisofulvin

Question 11

what is tinea corporis

Answer 11

fungal infection - itchy circular rash (reddened ring with a less red in the middle) - ring worm

Question 12

what is tinea versicolor

Answer 12

fungal infection - small hypo-pigmented patches of skin

Question 13

what is tinea capitis

Answer 13

fungal infection - itchy scaly inflamed balding area of the scalp

Question 14

what is tinea pedis

Answer 14

scaly rash between toes mostly - athletes foot

Question 15

what is tinea cruris

Answer 15

redness scaling in the ingual creases (inner thigh)

Question 16

what is diaper candidasis

Answer 16

fungal infection - diaper rash firey red lesions scaling in skin folds

Question 17

what is tinea unquium

Answer 17

fungal infection of the nail

Question 18

what is a bullous impetigo

Answer 18

bacterial infection - fluid filled blister skin around may be itchy

Question 19

what is non bullous impetigo

Answer 19

non blistered bacterial infection

Question 20

what is folliculitis

Answer 20

bacterial infection of the hair follicle

Question 21

what is staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome

Answer 21

bacterial infection - starts with the mom, infection produces a toxin that causes the skin to peel over large parts of the body looks like they have been burned - it is very painful

Question 22

what are some things included in the nursing assessment for someone with a bacterial skin infection

Answer 22

history, fever, inspect skin (noting abnormalities), assess for pain, palpate for regional lymphadenopathy

Question 23

what are some nursing interventions specific for impetigo lesions

Answer 23

soak them

Question 24

what are some nursing interventions for bacterial skin infection

Answer 24

periorbital cellulitis soaks, educate on prevention, hygiene,

Question 25

what is atopic dermatitis

Answer 25

eczema

Question 26

when does atopic dermatitis show up

Answer 26

before the age of 2

Question 27

what are some ss of atopic dermatitis

Answer 27

extreme itching, inflamed, red, swollen, warm, dry, lesions, crusting lesions, papules, generalized distribution of lesions

Question 28

what are some labs used for atopic dermatitis

Answer 28

serum IgE for allergic factors, allergy testing either by skin prick or blood

Question 29

what are some interventions/teaching for atopic dermatitis

Answer 29

avoid hot water, maintain hydration, mild soap, fragrance free moisture, pat try and avoid rubbing, promote skin integrity and. prevent infection

Question 30

how does pilosebaceous follicules cause acne

Answer 30

produces sebum and opens to skin surface, androgens stimulate sebaceous gland and proliferate production of hormones lead to excess gland production = black head and white heads

Question 31

what is propionibacterium acne

Answer 31

bacteria associated with inflammation seen in acne

Question 32

if acne lasts longer then expected what could be the cause

Answer 32

endocrine disorders

Question 33

what is the cause of acne in neonate

Answer 33

maternal adrogens

Question 34

what are some risk factors for acne

Answer 34

genetic, hormonal fluctuations, petoleum, lanolin, fast food workers, dairy, high glycemic index

Question 35

what are some ss of propionibacterium acne

Answer 35

papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

Question 36

what is the med tretinoin for

Answer 36

Interrupts abnormal keratinization that causes small acne

Question 37

what is the teaching for tretinoin

Answer 37

may cause skin irritation, apply a pea sized amount at night, avoid skin exposure, use SPF daily

Question 38

what is the med benzoyl peroxide for

Answer 38

antibacterial agent for acne

Question 39

what is the teaching for benzoyl peroxide

Answer 39

inhibits growth of p.acne, may bleach bed linens, towels and clothing

Question 40

what is the med isotretinoin for

Answer 40

affects factors involved in acne development

Question 41

what is the teaching for isotretinoin

Answer 41

prescribed by dermatologist, monitor for behavioral changes, teatogenic, use effective contraceptives, monitor cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 42

how are oral contraceptives used to treat acne

Answer 42

decreases endogenous androgen production - decreasing acne production

Question 43

what is the teaching for oral contraceptives used to treat acne

Answer 43

only for females, takes 4-6 months to see effects, combined with topical treatments

Question 44

what is cellulitis

Answer 44

Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria skin infection causes red swollen hot and tender - spreads quickly can be life threatening