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Peds exam 2 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are you specifically looking for when taking a CBC with diff

A

WBC (eosinophils) bc they are associated with allergic disorders

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2
Q

what would cultures show you for a skin disorder

A

organisms can be identified by microbial growth

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3
Q

what could KOH prep show you for skin disorders

A

can ID fungal infections by taking skin scrapings and adding the KOH solution

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4
Q

what are immunoglobulin E (IgE) used for when identifying skin disorders

A

used to ID atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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5
Q

what does OLD CARTS stand for when doing an assessment

A

onset, location, duration, characteristics, alleviating/aggravating factors, timing, relieving factors, severity

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6
Q

what are some things we should teach patients regarding fungal infection prevention

A

have pets evaluated, dont share personel items (towels, hats, underwear), bathing/hygiene, do not scratch, treat the entire family

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7
Q

what are the considerations when using a topical vs oral antifungal

A

topical for minor, oral for more intensive infection

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8
Q

what is the teaching for antifungal medications

A

check periodically for reasponse to treatments, continue even after infection has resolved - topical use caution around nails and scalp

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9
Q

what are some topical antifungals (what are some of them more commonly used for)

A

Clotrimazole (Lotrimin) – athletes foot
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Miconazole (Aloe Vesta)
Nystatin – good for diaper rash,

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10
Q

what are some oral antifungals

A

Terbinafine
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Grisofulvin

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11
Q

what is tinea corporis

A

fungal infection - itchy circular rash (reddened ring with a less red in the middle) - ring worm

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12
Q

what is tinea versicolor

A

fungal infection - small hypo-pigmented patches of skin

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13
Q

what is tinea capitis

A

fungal infection - itchy scaly inflamed balding area of the scalp

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14
Q

what is tinea pedis

A

scaly rash between toes mostly - athletes foot

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15
Q

what is tinea cruris

A

redness scaling in the ingual creases (inner thigh)

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16
Q

what is diaper candidasis

A

fungal infection - diaper rash firey red lesions scaling in skin folds

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17
Q

what is tinea unquium

A

fungal infection of the nail

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18
Q

what is a bullous impetigo

A

bacterial infection - fluid filled blister skin around may be itchy

19
Q

what is non bullous impetigo

A

non blistered bacterial infection

20
Q

what is folliculitis

A

bacterial infection of the hair follicle

21
Q

what is staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome

A

bacterial infection - starts with the mom, infection produces a toxin that causes the skin to peel over large parts of the body looks like they have been burned - it is very painful

22
Q

what are some things included in the nursing assessment for someone with a bacterial skin infection

A

history, fever, inspect skin (noting abnormalities), assess for pain, palpate for regional lymphadenopathy

23
Q

what are some nursing interventions specific for impetigo lesions

A

soak them

24
Q

what are some nursing interventions for bacterial skin infection

A

periorbital cellulitis soaks, educate on prevention, hygiene,

25
Q

what is atopic dermatitis

A

eczema

26
Q

when does atopic dermatitis show up

A

before the age of 2

27
Q

what are some ss of atopic dermatitis

A

extreme itching, inflamed, red, swollen, warm, dry, lesions, crusting lesions, papules, generalized distribution of lesions

28
Q

what are some labs used for atopic dermatitis

A

serum IgE for allergic factors, allergy testing either by skin prick or blood

29
Q

what are some interventions/teaching for atopic dermatitis

A

avoid hot water, maintain hydration, mild soap, fragrance free moisture, pat try and avoid rubbing, promote skin integrity and. prevent infection

30
Q

how does pilosebaceous follicules cause acne

A

produces sebum and opens to skin surface, androgens stimulate sebaceous gland and proliferate production of hormones lead to excess gland production = black head and white heads

31
Q

what is propionibacterium acne

A

bacteria associated with inflammation seen in acne

32
Q

if acne lasts longer then expected what could be the cause

A

endocrine disorders

33
Q

what is the cause of acne in neonate

A

maternal adrogens

34
Q

what are some risk factors for acne

A

genetic, hormonal fluctuations, petoleum, lanolin, fast food workers, dairy, high glycemic index

35
Q

what are some ss of propionibacterium acne

A

papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

36
Q

what is the med tretinoin for

A

Interrupts abnormal keratinization that causes small acne

37
Q

what is the teaching for tretinoin

A

may cause skin irritation, apply a pea sized amount at night, avoid skin exposure, use SPF daily

38
Q

what is the med benzoyl peroxide for

A

antibacterial agent for acne

39
Q

what is the teaching for benzoyl peroxide

A

inhibits growth of p.acne, may bleach bed linens, towels and clothing

40
Q

what is the med isotretinoin for

A

affects factors involved in acne development

41
Q

what is the teaching for isotretinoin

A

prescribed by dermatologist, monitor for behavioral changes, teatogenic, use effective contraceptives, monitor cholesterol and triglycerides

42
Q

how are oral contraceptives used to treat acne

A

decreases endogenous androgen production - decreasing acne production

43
Q

what is the teaching for oral contraceptives used to treat acne

A

only for females, takes 4-6 months to see effects, combined with topical treatments

44
Q

what is cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria skin infection causes red swollen hot and tender - spreads quickly can be life threatening

Peds exam 2 (8 decks)

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