Play and Hospitalization Flashcards
what are some goals for play in the hospital
aide in coping, reduce negative effects of being in the hospital, optimal development, normal living patterns, essential life experiences to help the child gain a sense of mastery over stressful experiences (they want to be independent)
what ages are the most vulnerable to medical encounters
6 months - 4 years
what is erkisons stage for infants
trust vs mistrust - they need to be able to trust that primary needs will be met
what is piagets stage for infant
sensiormotor - learn everything through their senses
what are some stressors seen in infants in the hospital
separation from parent, changes in routine, unfamiliar environment, pain, parental stress level (they feed off of the parent), loss of postural support
how do infants like to play
want stuff they can put in their mouth, colorful, musical, visually stimulating, objects from home, rattles, peek a boo
what are some expected reactions from an infant in the hospital
crying, screaming, reject contact with strangers, withdraw, despair, detachment, uncooperative, physical resistance to pain
what are some things that can be done to help an infant in the hospital
involve parents, leave a item with the parents scent, encourage oral stimulation, keep routines, respond to infant cues, accommodations for parents, promote growth and development
what is eriksons stage for toddlers
autonomy vs shame and doubt - completing tasks on their own
what is piagets stage for toddlers
preoperational phase - imitating and symbolic representation
how do toddlers like to play
give them options, familiar toys, watching favorite TV/movies, stacking blocks, reading books with adults, play dough, throwing/kicking a ball,
what are some stressors for toddlers in the hospital
separation from parent, unfamiliar environment, forced regression (were potty trained now they are not), sensitive to excess stimulation, pain, immobility or restriction (having to be help down), loss of routine
what are some expected reactions from a toddler in the hospital
crying, screaming, physical protest (hitting, kicking), withdrawn, detachment, temper tantrums, uncooperative (verbal), physcial resistance to pain
how can toddlers be helped in the hospital
parent involvement, get down on their level (towering over them is intimidating), offer choices, allow opportunities for exploration, allow opportunities for play and gross motor activity, set limits, keep medical interventions short, provide distractions, identify feelings (validate that way their feeling is okay), encourage routine
what is erkisons stage for preschoolers
initiative vs guilt - creating and succeeding by self
what is piaget stage for preschoolers
can see more then one factor, perception vs logical
what are some stressors seen in preschoolers in the hospital
separation from parents, unfamiliar environments, equipment may be scary (have increased imagination), pain, fear of loss of control, idea of bodily mutualization, multiple caregivers, loss of perceived choices
what are some expected reactions from preschoolers in the hospital
crying, protesting less physical (procrastinating), displaced feelings, behavior regression, dependency on caregivers, aggression and anger, temper tantrums, guilt or shame feeling, physiologic response
what are some things that can be done to help preschoolers in the hospital
maximize parental involvement, offer real choices and control (not - do you want to get your IV bc they will say no instead say would you rather get your IV on the bed or while you sit on moms lap), facilitate medical play, provide simple explantations, be honest, allow opportunities for self expression and play
how do preschoolers like to play
counting, board games, building blocks, puppets, cutting with scissors, hammering toys, play dough, playing house
what is erkisons stage for school age
industry vs inferiority - self awareness and logical reasoning competition with peers developmental of self confidence
what is piagets stage for school age
concrete operational phase - logical though step by step
what are some stressors for school age in hospital
fear of body injury and mutualization, pain, loss of choices/ independence, loss of control, separation from parents/peers, modesty issue, fear of death/not waking up
what are some expected reactions from school age in the hospital
acting out, cognitive mastery, guilt, behavior regression (whinning), depression, withdrawn, passively accepting pain, rigidly holding still, attempts to be brave, postponing events (procrastinating)
how can school age kids be helped in the hospital
positive rapport, be honest (tell them how long it will hurt), talk to the patient not just the parent, give option to learn more, offer opportunities for peer interaction and play, point out the positives in coping and involvement
how do school age children like to play
card/board games, reading, puzzels, cooking, group activities with peers, sculpting, journaling
what is erkisons stage for teens
identity vs role confusion - development of sexual and personal identity
what is piagets stage for teens
formal operations - abstract reasoning, can imagine and develop hypothesis
what are some stressors for teens in the hospital
enforced dependency on adults, pain, fear of unknown, non-acceptance by peers, privacy/modesty issues, trust of medical personnel, idea of body image changes, separation from family and peers
what are some expected reactions for teens in the hospital
rejection, uncooperativeness, withdrawn, self-assertion, overconfidence, may capitalize on gains from pain, intellectualization, conformity, defense mechanisms
how can we help teens in the hospital
empower, value and encourage independence, give control, collaborate with them, be honest with eachother
how do teens like to play
playing card/board/video games, watching tv, group activities with peers, writing stories
what is Diversional/recreational play
commonly used for personal enjoyment, to combat boredom, and to facilitate normalization
what is Developmentally supportive play
supports any and all aspects of the child’s development
what is Therapeutic play
facilitates expression, coping and mastery of the healthcare experience and helps to facilitate achievement of healthcare goals
