Skills and Clinical Experience

Question 1

What are the Hospital Codes?

Answer 1

Code Blue: Cardiac arrest or medical emergency
Code Red: Fire
Code Yellow: Missing patient
Code Amber: Missing or abducted infant or child
Code White: Violent person
Code Green: Evacuation
Code Orange: Mass casualty incident or disaster
Code Black: Bomb threat
Code Grey: Shelter in place due to external air contamination or environmental hazard
Code Brown: Chemical spill or hazardous material incident
Code Purple: Hostage situation

Question 2

When to wash hands?

Answer 2

Before touching a patient
Before clean/aseptic procedure
After body fluid exposure risk
After touching a patient
After touching patient surroundings

Question 3

What is trauma informed care?

Answer 3

An approach that assumes that a person is more likely than not to have a history of trauma.
Recognizes the presence of trauma symptoms and the role it may play in an individual’s life.
Principles:
Safety
Peer support
Empowerment voice and choice
Collaboration and mutuality
Cultural, historical and gender issues
Trustworthiness and transparency

Question 4

What is harm reduction?

Answer 4

Doesnt focus on abstinence
Accepts, for better and or worse, that licit and illicit drug use is part of our world and chooses to work to minimize its harmful effects rather than simply ignore or condemn them.
Minimizing risks by providing education, resources, non-judgemental care, empowerment

Question 5

Provide examples of Harm Reduction

Answer 5

Supervised consumption / injection sites, providing clean supplies, education on safer use, safety plans, HIV and STI Testing

Question 6

What does ABSCATT stand for?

Answer 6

Apperance 
Behaviour 
Speech
Cognition 
Affect/Mood 
Thought process
Thought content

Question 7

What does appearance include?

Answer 7

Facial features 
Grooming
body shape
Hygiene
posture

Question 8

What does behaviour include?

Answer 8

Gait
Activitiy level
Psychomotor retardation / agitation
mannerisms
Spontinuity
Restlnessness (akathesia)
Withdrawn

Question 9

What does speech include?

Answer 9

Rate
Range 
Rhythm
Volume 
defects in verbalization

Question 10

What does cognition include?

Answer 10

insight
Conciousness 
Orientation 
Memory
Abstract thinking 
Attention and concentration 

Question 11

What can mood include?

Answer 11

Labile 
Constricted, fixed 
Agitated
Heightened / dramatic 
Reactivity (nonreactive, non responsive)

Question 12

What can though process include?

Answer 12

Goal oriented
Circumstantial thoughts
Tangential thoughts
Though blocking
Loose associations
Preservation
Racing
Word salad
Linear

Question 13

What is circumstantial thought process?

Answer 13

A pattern of speech or thought where the person includes unnecessary and irrelevant details before eventually reaching the main point or answer.

Question 14

What is tangential thought process?

Answer 14

A pattern of speech or thought where the person starts to answer a question but then veers off into unrelated topics, never returning to the original point or question.

Question 15

What is included in thought content?

Answer 15

Perceptual disturbances
Delusions 
Hallucinations 
Suicidal / Homicidal / Self harm  
Obsessions / compulsions

Question 16

What are hallucinations?

Answer 16

Perceptual disturbances that have no external stimuli

Question 17

What are delusions?

Answer 17

A false belief

Question 18

What is an illusion?

Answer 18

A false impression that results from a real stimulus

Question 19

What is depersonalization?

Answer 19

A feeling that you are not yourself, strange, or there is something different

Question 20

What is derealization?

Answer 20

Feeling that the environment is somehow different or strange but the person cannot account for these changes

Question 21

What are the types of delusions?

Answer 21

Primary- manifested soley from psychotic disorder (Thought insertions, broadcasting granduar, being targetted by unknown organization)

Secondary- based on other psychological experiences
jealousy, guilt

Other examples:
Ideas of reference (Being followed by a car)
Ideas of influence (Belief they caused an unrelated event to happen)

Question 22

Describe a suicide risk assessment

Answer 22

Include assessing: Stressors, Symptoms, Substance use to cope, Prior behaviour
Looks at previous suicide thoughts, plans. Have they carried out this plan?
What is their current plan if they have one, What Are The Specifics? Where,when,how, Method and access to means
Goes over resources and support
Protective factors (hobbies, family, stability
Have They Talked To Someone About This?

Question 23

Describe a risk assessment

Answer 23

Looking for suicide, homicide, self harm thoughts, elopement, abuse. Protective and risk factors.

Question 24

What are risk factors to suicide and depression?

Answer 24

Isolation, substance use, loss of employment, divorce or loss of relationship, legal issues, previous attempt, access to lethal means, chronic disease or disability, generational trauma.

Question 25

Symptoms of depression?

Answer 25

SIG E CAPS
(Suicidal thoughts, interests decreased, guilt, energy decreased, concentration decreased, appetite disturbance, psychomotor agitation or retard, sleep disturbances)

Question 26

What is the definition of schizophrenia?

Answer 26

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is characterized by a range of symptoms that can be broadly categorized into positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms

Question 27

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

Lack of pleasure, withdrawal, flattened affect, struggles with daily living

Question 28

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and thoughts, catatonia

Question 29

What is the definition of Bipolar Disorder?

Answer 29

Mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). Different types - Bipolar 1, Bipolar 2, Cyclothymic or unspecified.

Question 30

Whats the mnemonic for BPD?

Answer 30

IMPULSIVE
(impulsive, moodiness, paranoid or dissociation under stress, unstable self imagine, labile intense relationships, suicidal gestures, inappropriate anger, vulnerability to abandonment, emptiness)

Question 31

What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?

Answer 31

Obsession: Repetitive, unwelcomed irrational thoughts that are imposed on a pts conciousness
Compulsions: Repetitive stereotyped behaviours that a pt feels impelled to perform ritualistically.

Question 32

What is the mnemonic for Mania?

Answer 32

DIG FAST 
(Distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, fight of ideas, activity increase, sleep deficit, talkativeness)

Question 33

Difference between mania and hypomania?

Answer 33

Hypomanic isnt as intense as manic, hypomanic
differ in severity, duration, and impact on functioning

Talkative, attention deficit, decreased need for sleep, high self-esteem, ideas that race…

Question 34

What is the mnemonic for Generalized Anxiety disorder?

Answer 34

Worry Warts

Worry
Anxious
Restlessness
Tension
Sleep disturbance

Question 35

What is the mnemonic for PTSD?

Answer 35

TRAUMA

traumatic events, re-experience, avoidance, unable to function, month or more of symptoms, arousal increased

Question 36

What steps do you take when you see someone is becoming agitated?

Answer 36

Assess the situation, safety
Let them know you are listening- active listening and summarizing
Appear non-threatening- dont yell
Provide options

Question 37

What is restraint and last resort?

Answer 37

Verbal de-escalation
Intervene as little as possible to manage patient and maintain safety
Discontinue restraints as soon as it is safe to do so

Question 38

Define mental health

Answer 38

Wellness: Health copy mechanism, emotional regulation, support system, stress management, problem solving, social skills, communication, productivity. Physically means balanced eating, exercise, and sleep.

Question 39

Define mental disorder according to BC

Answer 39

means a person who has a disorder of the mind that requires treatment and seriously impairs the person’s ability

(a) to react appropriately to the person’s environment, or
(b) to associate with others;

Question 40

What is a Mental Disorder?

Answer 40

Disorder of thought, mood, perception, memory and recognition that impairs judgement and behaviour. Significantly impairs their ability to function in daily life. Does not include disorders that are persistent and caused by congenital brain injury that cannot be reversed

Question 41

What is the difference between Delusional disorder and Schizophrenia?

Answer 41

A: Delusional disorder is solely delusions themselves, they would have a fixed belief that does not change, even when a person is presented with conflicting evidence. The type of delusions are non bizarre. Still functional in society for the most part
Schizophrenia is more high profile with hallucinations and negative symptoms that impact functioning

Question 42

What is the difference between Delirium and Dementia?

Answer 42

A: Delirium is caused by acute illness or drug toxicity (sometimes life threatening) and is often reversible.
Dementia is typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain, has slower onset, and is generally irreversible.

Question 43

Name the stages of change

Answer 43

Pre-contemplative, contemplative, preparation, action, maintenance.
Relapse is an expected and normal part of the process.

Question 44

What is ECT?

Answer 44

A: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure, done under general anaesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental health conditions.