skills

Question 1

what 3 factors are motor skills affected by

Answer 1

-how precise movement is
-whether movement has a beginning or an end
-the environments affect on performances

Question 2

what is the body involvement continuum

Answer 2

this is concerned with the precision of movement (gross and fine skills)

Question 3

what is gross skills

Answer 3

this is at the other end of the skill continnum and they involve large muscle movements where the major muscle groups are involved and the movements aren’t precise. e.g. weightlifting

Question 4

what is fine skills

Answer 4

this is at the other end of the skill continuum and these involve more intricate movements using smaller muscle groups, very precise and involve high levels of hand eye coordination. e.g. darts

Question 5

how are gross and fine skills placed on the skill continuum

Answer 5

skills don’t tend to be fully gross or fine, they tend to be in between so they get scattered across.

Question 6

what is the open and closed continuum

Answer 6

this is concerned with the effects of the environment on skills. and it refers to if the skill is being performed in a stable environment or whether it’s always changing

Question 7

what is an open skill

Answer 7

this is where the environment is constantly changing so movements have to continuosly adapt.

-skill is most externally paced
-affected by the environment
- outcome varies
-need to interpret and judge stimuli

e.g. shot in hockey

Question 8

what is a closed skill

Answer 8

this is where skills can take place in a stable predictable environment.
-the movement follows the set pattern
-there’s a clear beginning and clear end
-skills are self paced

e.g. archery

Question 9

what is the discrete serial and continuous continuum

Answer 9

this continuum is concerned with how well defined the beginning and the end of a skill is.

Question 10

what is a discrete skill

Answer 10

this is where there’s a clear beginning and clear end.
- the skill can be repeated but the performer starts again
- single specific skill

e.g. shot putt

Question 11

what is a serial skill

Answer 11

this is where several discrete elements are put together to make an integrated movement.
- order of element is important

e.g. gymnastics routine

Question 11

what is a continuous skill

Answer 11

this is where there’s no obvious beginning or end.
- continues for as long as performer wishes
-end of 1 cycle is the beginning of the next
-no clear sub routines

e.g. marathon

Question 12

what is the pacing continuum

Answer 12

this is concerned with the timing of movement

externally or self paced

Question 13

what is externally paced skills

Answer 13

this is where the environment can control the rate of performing and the performer must pay attention to external events to control the rate of movement.

e.g. tennis

Question 14

what is self paced skills

Answer 14

this is where the performer can control the rate at which the skill is executed.

e.g. weight lifting

Question 15

what is positive tranfer

Answer 15

where the learning of 1 skill helps the learning of another e.g. tennis serve is the same as a vollyball serve

Question 16

what is a negative transfer

Answer 16

where the learning of 1 skill hinders the learning of another e.g. tennis forehand same as badmington

Question 17

what is a proactive transfer

Answer 17

where a learned skill affects the learning of a new skill positively e.g. volleyball and tennis

Question 18

what is a retroactive transfer

Answer 18

where a new skill affects a previously learned skill

Question 19

what is a bilateral transfer

Answer 19

learning on 1 limb slightly improve the learning on the opposite limb