skill learning/practice Flashcards
name 5 of the 7 characteristics of skill (ACE FACE)
aesthetically pleasing, consistent, efficient, fluent, accurate, controlled, economical
define the term skill
A learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
what is an open skill? provide an example
A skill that is performed in an unpredictable environment e.g. any team sport where the play is unpredictable
what is a fine skill? provide an example
A skill that uses smaller muscle groups e.g. table tennis - rotation of wrist to add spin
what is a serial skill? provide an example
A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement e.g. a gymnastics routine
what is a complex skill? provide an example
A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed e.g. dribbling in hockey
what is an externally-paced skill? provide an example
When the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill e.g. reacting to a return in tennis
what is a high and low organisation skill? provide example for both
Highly organised - difficult to break down, action is very quick, subroutines merge
For example:
• volley in football
Low organised - a skill that can be easily broken down into sub routines
• a swimming stroke
what is meant by the term transfer?
The effect of learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another
what is positive transfer? provide an example
When the learning of the skill helps another
For example:
• volleyball/tennis serve are similar actions
what is bilateral transfer? provide an example
When the learning of the skill is passes across the body from limb to limb.
For example:
• transfer shooting from left to right foot
what is an advantage of whole practice?
+ more realistic
+ makes skill consistent
+ stores the motor programme in the long-term memory
what is whole-part-whole practice?
Assessing the skill, identifying weaknesses to practice, then putting skill back together
what is massed practice? give one adv and one disadv
No rest intervals
+ promotes fitness
+ skill becomes automatic
+ efficient use of coach/performers time
- produces fatigue
-negative transfer can occur
what is chaining?
Linking sub routines, or parts of a task together in order when practicing. First two parts are learnt, then third part added.
what is progressive part practice?
Each part of skill is added gradually ‘chaining’
Disadvantage of whole practice
- not for beginners
- too much info overload
Adv and disadv of whole-part-whole
+ shows weakness
- time consuming
Adv and disadv of progressive parts
+ reduces fatigue
- if first part incorrect all is LOST
Distributed practice
Rest interval given to allow recuperation and feedback
Distributed practice ADV and DISADV
+ rest allows recovery
- negative transfer
Varied practice
Changing the type of practice/drills
Varied practice ADV and DISADV
+ motivation
- time consuming
Mental pratice
go over it in mind without movement
