skill learning/practice

Question 1

name 5 of the 7 characteristics of skill (ACE FACE)

Answer 1

aesthetically pleasing, consistent, efficient, fluent, accurate, controlled, economical

Question 2

define the term skill

Answer 2

A learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both

Question 3

what is an open skill? provide an example

Answer 3

A skill that is performed in an unpredictable environment e.g. any team sport where the play is unpredictable

Question 4

what is a fine skill? provide an example

Answer 4

A skill that uses smaller muscle groups e.g. table tennis - rotation of wrist to add spin

Question 5

what is a serial skill? provide an example

Answer 5

A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement e.g. a gymnastics routine

Question 6

what is a complex skill? provide an example

Answer 6

A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed e.g. dribbling in hockey

Question 7

what is an externally-paced skill? provide an example

Answer 7

When the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill e.g. reacting to a return in tennis

Question 8

what is a high and low organisation skill? provide example for both

Answer 8

Highly organised - difficult to break down, action is very quick, subroutines merge
For example:
• volley in football
Low organised - a skill that can be easily broken down into sub routines
• a swimming stroke

Question 9

what is meant by the term transfer?

Answer 9

The effect of learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another

Question 10

what is positive transfer? provide an example

Answer 10

When the learning of the skill helps another
For example:
• volleyball/tennis serve are similar actions

Question 11

what is bilateral transfer? provide an example

Answer 11

When the learning of the skill is passes across the body from limb to limb.
For example:
• transfer shooting from left to right foot

Question 12

what is an advantage of whole practice?

Answer 12

+ more realistic
+ makes skill consistent
+ stores the motor programme in the long-term memory

Question 13

what is whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 13

Assessing the skill, identifying weaknesses to practice, then putting skill back together

Question 14

what is massed practice? give one adv and one disadv

Answer 14

No rest intervals
+ promotes fitness
+ skill becomes automatic
+ efficient use of coach/performers time
- produces fatigue
-negative transfer can occur

Question 15

what is chaining?

Answer 15

Linking sub routines, or parts of a task together in order when practicing. First two parts are learnt, then third part added.

Question 16

what is progressive part practice?

Answer 16

Each part of skill is added gradually ‘chaining’

Question 17

Disadvantage of whole practice

Answer 17

• not for beginners
• too much info overload

Question 18

Adv and disadv of whole-part-whole

Answer 18

+ shows weakness
- time consuming

Question 19

Adv and disadv of progressive parts

Answer 19

+ reduces fatigue
- if first part incorrect all is LOST

Question 20

Distributed practice

Answer 20

Rest interval given to allow recuperation and feedback

Question 21

Distributed practice ADV and DISADV

Answer 21

+ rest allows recovery
- negative transfer

Question 22

Varied practice

Answer 22

Changing the type of practice/drills

Question 23

Varied practice ADV and DISADV

Answer 23

+ motivation
- time consuming

Question 24

Mental pratice

Answer 24

go over it in mind without movement

Question 25

Mental practice ADV and DISADV

Answer 25

+ consistency
- boredom

Question 26

Discrete skill

Answer 26

Skill has clear beginning and end

Question 27

Continuous skill

Answer 27

No clear beginning or end

Question 28

Whole practice definition

Answer 28

Involves performing the skill in its entirety without breaking it into sub-routines

Question 29

Advantages of whole practice

Answer 29

• Helps create specific images that can be stored as a plan called a motor programme which is stored in LTM
• more realistic than part practice as helps produce effect of positive transfer
• helps to make the skill consistent