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Year 12 E Block > Skill Acquisition - Memory Models > Flashcards

Skill Acquisition - Memory Models Flashcards

1
Q

How many pieces of information can the short-term sensory store hold?

A

Unlimited

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2
Q

How long can the short-term sensory store hold information for?

A

1 Second

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3
Q

What does the short-term sensory store receive?

A

Stimuli from the environment

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4
Q

What process takes place in the short-term sensory store?

A

Selective attention

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5
Q

What is selective attention?

A

Blocking out irrelevant information and focusing on relevant information

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6
Q

What is the benefit of selective attention?

A

It speeds up decision making and prevents information overload

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7
Q

Give 3 ways a coach can improve selective attention…

A

Increase the intensity of the stimuli
Slow down the stimuli to give more time to react
Speed the stimuli back up to make it more realistic
Use key cues
Practice with distractions

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8
Q

DCR stands for…

A

Detection, comparison, recognition

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9
Q

How much information can the short-term memory hold?

A

5-9 pieces

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10
Q

How long can the short-term memory hold information for?

A

Up to 30 seconds

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11
Q

What does the short-term memory receive from the STSS?

A

Relevant information

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12
Q

Which process takes place in the short-term memory?

A

Decision making

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13
Q

What does decision making mean?

A

Choosing a relevant motor programme

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14
Q

What does the short-term memory receive from the long-term memory?

A

Relevant motor programmes

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15
Q

What does the short-term memory do with motor programmes

A

Initiates them

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16
Q

What does initiating a motor programme mean?

A

Sending nerve impulses to the relevant muscles

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17
Q

How much information can the long-term memory hold?

A

Unlimited

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18
Q

How long can the long-term memory hold information for

A

An unlimited amount of time

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19
Q

What 2 things does the long-term memory store?

A

Relevant information
Motor programmes

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20
Q

Where does the long-term memory send motor programmes?

A

Back to the short-term memory

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21
Q

Give 3 ways that the retention of newly learnt information can be improved.

A

Making information relevant by using key cues
Chunk and chain information
Practice frequently
Use appropriate guidance
Make training fun and enjoyable
Positive reinforcemen

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22
Q

What are the 3 central mechanisms of Whiting’s Model of Information Processing?

A

Perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanism

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23
Q

Which key process occurs in the perceptual mechanism?

A

Selective attention

24
Q

Which key process takes place in the translatory mechanism?

A

Decision making

25
Q

Which key process takes place in the effector mechanism?

A

Initiation of motor programmes

26
Q

Is a recall schema before or after a movement?

A

Before

27
Q

Name the 2 processes of the recall schema

A

Initial conditions and response specification

28
Q

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain initial conditions

A

Using knowledge of the environment

29
Q

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response specification

A

Making a decision based on initial conditions

30
Q

Does a recognition schema take place before or after a movement?

A

After

31
Q

Outline the 2 processes in a recognition schema

A

Sensory consequences and response outcome

32
Q

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain sensory consequences

A

Involves knowledge of performance, where the performer receives feedback based on the success of the movement

33
Q

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response outcome

A

Involves knowledge of results

34
Q

Define the term reaction time

A

The time taken from the start of the stimulus to the start of the movement

35
Q

Give an example of reaction time for a 100m runner.

A

From the start of the gunshot to the start of pushing off the blocks

36
Q

Define the term movement time

A

From the start of the movement to the end of the movement

37
Q

Give an example of movement time for a 100m runner

A

From the start of pushing off the blocks to the end of the race

38
Q

Define the term response time

A

From the start of the stimulus to the end of the movement

39
Q

Give an example of response time for a 100m runner

A

From the start of the gunshot to the end of the race

40
Q

Outline the relationship between reaction time, movement time and response time

A

Reaction time + movement time = response time

41
Q

What does Hick’s Law state?

A

As the number of possible responses increases, response time becomes slower

42
Q

According to the single channel hypothesis, how many stimuli can be processed at a time?

A

One

43
Q

The time delay caused by the single channel hypothesis is known as…

A

The psychological refractory period

44
Q

The psychological refractory period causes…

A

A delayed/slower response time

45
Q

Define spatial anticipation

A

Predicting what is going to happen

46
Q

Define temporal anticipation

A

Predicting when something is going to happen

47
Q

Which memory model is represented in the picture?

A

Baddeley & Hitch Working memory model

48
Q

What is the central executive known as?

A

The Boss

49
Q

Where doe the central executive pass tasks on to?

A

The slave systems

50
Q

Why does the central executive send tasks to the slave systems?

A

To focus on other stimuli

51
Q

According to the working memory model, if a performer is autonomous, where is a task carried out?

A

In the slave systems

52
Q

According to the working memory model, if a performer is cognitive, where is a task carried out?

A

The central executive

53
Q

What does the phonological loop interpret?

A

Spoken instructions

54
Q

What is the articulatory loop?

A

Repeating spoken information

55
Q

What does the visuo-spatial sketch pad interpret?

A

SurroundingsW

56
Q

What is the job of the episodic buffer?

A

To link the PL and VS

Year 12 E Block (8 decks)

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