Skill Acquisition - Learning Theories Flashcards
Define the cognitive stage of learning
The first stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub routines are explored by trial and error
Define associative stage of learning
The second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother
Define autonomous stage of learning
The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific
What is a plateau
A period of no improvement in performance
What is drive reduction
An end of task period when performance may get worse
What is operant conditioning
The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated
What is behaviourist theory
This attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimulus
What is positive reinforcement
A pleasant stimulus after the correct response
What is negative reinforcement
Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response
What is punishment
An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring
What is attention (observational learning)
Making the demonstration attractive to the performer
What is retention (observational learning)
Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
What is motor production (observational learning)
Having the mental and physical ability to do the task
What is social development theory
Learning by association with others
What is inter-psychological learning
Learning from others externally
What is intra psychological learning
Learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others
Define constructivism
Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance
What is the zone of proximal development
The next stage of learning based on the performance needs, expectations and current level of performance
What is insight learning
Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
What are the causes of a plateau
Lack of motivationboredompoor coachingtargets set too lowfatiguelimited ability
What are solutions to plateau
player could find new coachcoach could offer more praise and feedback to provide motivationrest to avoid fatiguemore variety in tasks
What does observational learning consist of
AttentionRetentionMotor productionMotivation
What is motivation (observational learning)
Having the drive to do the task
What are the three key features of Operant Conditioning
Based on Trial and ErrorShapes BehaviourManipulates the Environment
What is a Satisfier
An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated
What is an annoyer
An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses
What are the three stages of Vygotsky Constructivism: proximal development
- What can I do?2. What can I do with help?What can I not do yet?
