Skiill Acquisition - Memory Models

Question 1

How many pieces of information can the short-term sensory store hold?

Answer 1

Unlimited

Question 2

How long can the short-term sensory store hold information for?

Answer 2

1 Second

Question 3

What does the short-term sensory store receive?

Answer 3

Stimuli from the environment

Question 4

What process takes place in the short-term sensory store?

Answer 4

Selective attention

Question 5

What is selective attention?

Answer 5

Blocking out irrelevant information and focusing on relevant information

Question 6

What is the benefit of selective attention?

Answer 6

It speeds up decision making and prevents information overload

Question 7

Give 3 ways a coach can improve selective attention…

Answer 7

Increase the intensity of the stimuli
Slow down the stimuli to give more time to react
Speed the stimuli back up to make it more realistic
Use key cues
Practice with distractions

Question 8

DCR stands for…

Answer 8

Detection, comparison, recognition

Question 9

How much information can the short-term memory hold?

Answer 9

5-9 pieces

Question 10

How long can the short-term memory hold information for?

Answer 10

Up to 30 seconds

Question 11

What does the short-term memory receive from the STSS?

Answer 11

Relevant information

Question 12

Which process takes place in the short-term memory?

Answer 12

Decision making

Question 13

What does decision making mean?

Answer 13

Choosing a relevant motor programme

Question 14

What does the short-term memory receive from the long-term memory?

Answer 14

Relevant motor programmes

Question 15

What does the short-term memory do with motor programmes

Answer 15

Initiates them

Question 16

What does initiating a motor programme mean?

Answer 16

Sending nerve impulses to the relevant muscles

Question 17

How much information can the long-term memory hold?

Answer 17

Unlimited

Question 18

How long can the long-term memory hold information for

Answer 18

An unlimited amount of time

Question 19

What 2 things does the long-term memory store?

Answer 19

Relevant information
Motor programmes

Question 20

Where does the long-term memory send motor programmes?

Answer 20

Back to the short-term memory

Question 21

Give 3 ways that the retention of newly learnt information can be improved.

Answer 21

Making information relevant by using key cues
Chunk and chain information
Practice frequently
Use appropriate guidance
Make training fun and enjoyable
Positive reinforcemen

Question 22

What are the 3 central mechanisms of Whiting’s Model of Information Processing?

Answer 22

Perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanism

Question 23

Which key process occurs in the perceptual mechanism?

Answer 23

Selective attention

Question 24

Which key process takes place in the translatory mechanism?

Answer 24

Decision making

Question 25

Which key process takes place in the effector mechanism?

Answer 25

Initiation of motor programmes

Question 26

Is a recall schema before or after a movement?

Answer 26

Before

Question 27

Name the 2 processes of the recall schema

Answer 27

Initial conditions and response specification

Question 28

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain initial conditions

Answer 28

Using knowledge of the environment

Question 29

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response specification

Answer 29

Making a decision based on initial conditions

Question 30

Does a recognition schema take place before or after a movement?

Answer 30

After

Question 31

Outline the 2 processes in a recognition schema

Answer 31

Sensory consequences and response outcome

Question 32

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain sensory consequences

Answer 32

Involves knowledge of performance, where the performer receives feedback based on the success of the movement

Question 33

In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response outcome

Answer 33

Involves knowledge of results

Question 34

Define the term reaction time

Answer 34

The time taken from the start of the stimulus to the start of the movement

Question 35

Give an example of reaction time for a 100m runner.

Answer 35

From the start of the gunshot to the start of pushing off the blocks

Question 36

Define the term movement time

Answer 36

From the start of the movement to the end of the movement

Question 37

Give an example of movement time for a 100m runner

Answer 37

From the start of pushing off the blocks to the end of the race

Question 38

Define the term response time

Answer 38

From the start of the stimulus to the end of the movement

Question 39

Give an example of response time for a 100m runner

Answer 39

From the start of the gunshot to the end of the race

Question 40

Outline the relationship between reaction time, movement time and response time

Answer 40

Reaction time + movement time = response time

Question 41

What does Hick’s Law state?

Answer 41

As the number of possible responses increases, response time becomes slower

Question 42

According to the single channel hypothesis, how many stimuli can be processed at a time?

Answer 42

One

Question 43

The time delay caused by the single channel hypothesis is known as…

Answer 43

The psychological refractory period

Question 44

The psychological refractory period causes…

Answer 44

A delayed/slower response time

Question 45

Define spatial anticipation

Answer 45

Predicting what is going to happen

Question 46

Define temporal anticipation

Answer 46

Predicting when something is going to happen