Skeleton (appendicular) Flashcards
Pectoral girdle
paired clavicle and scapula
attach upper limbs to axial skeleton
attachment site for muscles moving upper limbs
connects with axial skeleton at manubrium
clavicle
acts as a brace to hold scapulae and arms out
smooth superior surface, rough inferior surface
flattened (acromial) lateral end articulates with scapula
cone shaped sternal (medal) end articulates with sternum
scapula
situated on posterior surfaces of rib cage (between ribs 2-7)
flat and triangular, with 3 borders, 3 angles
what are the 3 angles and 3 borders of the scapula?
superior border
medial border
lateral border
superior angle
lateral angle
inferior angle
what are the 2 fossa and 1 process of the anterior scapula
coracoid process - anchors muscles and ligaments
glenoid cavity/fossa - contributes to glenohumeral joint
subscapular fossa - site of muscle attachment
what are the landmarks of the posterior scapula?
acromion: articulates with clavicle (acromioclavicular joint)
supraspinous fossa: muscle attachment (above the spine of the scapula)
spine of scapula: muscle attachment
infraspinous fossa: muscle attachment (below the spine of scapula)
what sits in the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
the humerus (specifically, the head)
main structures of the humerus (proximally)?
articulates proximally with the glenoid cavity
articulates distally with the radius and ulna
greater tubercle - lateral
lesser tubercle - medial
anatomical neck - between the head of the humerus and the greater tubercle
main structures of the humerus (distal)?
radial fossa (anterior view) coranoid fossa (anterior view)
Olecranon fossa (posterior view)
capitulum
medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
medial condyle/trochlea
what are the 2 bones of the forearm?
radius - lateral bone in the forearm, head articulates with capitulum of humerus and ulna
ulna - medial bone in the forearm, forms major portion of elbow joint with trochlea of humerus
Ulna -closest to U
proximal characteristics of the ulna
trochlear notch
olecranon process
coranoid process
radial notch
characteristics of the radius
head of radius
neck of radius
radial tuberosity
styloid process of radius
what are the 8 names of the carpus bones?
scaphoid lunate triquetrium pisiform hamate capitate trapeziod trapezium
what is the acronym for the carpus bones?
So (starting at the thumb, on the proximal row) Long Tiny Pinky (arrive at pinky) Here Comes The Thumb (ending at the thumb, on the distal row)
metacarpus
5 metacarpal bones form the palm
phalanges
5 phalanges with 14 bones
each phalange has distal, middle, proximal bones
thumb only has the distal and proximal
pelvic girdle function
attach lower limbs to axial skeleton with strong ligaments at acetabulum
support pelvic organs
transmit weight of upper body to lower limb
ilium
superior, large flaring bone consisting of the body and ala
posterior surface - gluteal
articulates with sacrum medially
what is the pelvic girdle composed of?
sacrum ilium acetabulum ischium pubis
what are the 4 spines of the ilium
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
landmarks of the ischium
greater sciatic notch
lesser sciatic notch
ischial spine: attachment point for pelvic ligaments
ischial body
obturator foramen
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity: point of contact when seated
pubis
pubic symphesis superior ramus obturator foramen inferior ramus pubic arch
false vs true pelvis
false pelvis is superior to pelvic brim
true pelvis is inferior to belvic brim
pelvic brim (the hole)
femur landmarks
head
neck
lesser trochanter (medial)
greater trochanter (lateral)
medial epicondyle medial condyle patellar surface lateral epicondyle lateral condyle
patella
triangular sesamoid bone
imbedded in tendon that secures quadriceps muscles
improves leverage of thigh muscles across knee
protects anterior knee joint by running along patellar surface of femur
what are the 2 bones of the leg? which one is medial and which one is lateral?
tibia
fibula
the tibia is the medial one (and larger)
tibia landmarks
medial condyle
lateral condyle
tibial tuberosity: attaches quadriceps femoris
medial malleolus
fibula landmarks
head
lateral malleolus
tarsals
7 bones
- medial cuneiform
- intermediate cuneiform
- lateral cuneiform
- navicular
- talus
- cuboid
- calcaneous
metatarsals and phalanges
phalanges
- bones of toes (phalanges)
- each digits 2-5 have 3 phalanges
- Hallux (1) has no middle phalanx
metatarsals (5)
- enlarged head of metatarsal 1 forms the ball of foot
transverse arch
posterior metatarsals and anterior tarsals
medial longitudinal arch
calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3
