Skeleton (appendicular)

Question 1

Pectoral girdle

Answer 1

paired clavicle and scapula

attach upper limbs to axial skeleton
attachment site for muscles moving upper limbs
connects with axial skeleton at manubrium

Question 2

clavicle

Answer 2

acts as a brace to hold scapulae and arms out
smooth superior surface, rough inferior surface
flattened (acromial) lateral end articulates with scapula
cone shaped sternal (medal) end articulates with sternum

Question 3

scapula

Answer 3

situated on posterior surfaces of rib cage (between ribs 2-7)
flat and triangular, with 3 borders, 3 angles

Question 4

what are the 3 angles and 3 borders of the scapula?

Answer 4

superior border
medial border
lateral border

superior angle
lateral angle
inferior angle

Question 5

what are the 2 fossa and 1 process of the anterior scapula

Answer 5

coracoid process - anchors muscles and ligaments

glenoid cavity/fossa - contributes to glenohumeral joint

subscapular fossa - site of muscle attachment

Question 6

what are the landmarks of the posterior scapula?

Answer 6

acromion: articulates with clavicle (acromioclavicular joint)

supraspinous fossa: muscle attachment (above the spine of the scapula)

spine of scapula: muscle attachment

infraspinous fossa: muscle attachment (below the spine of scapula)

Question 7

what sits in the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Answer 7

the humerus (specifically, the head)

Question 8

main structures of the humerus (proximally)?

Answer 8

articulates proximally with the glenoid cavity
articulates distally with the radius and ulna
greater tubercle - lateral
lesser tubercle - medial
anatomical neck - between the head of the humerus and the greater tubercle

Question 9

main structures of the humerus (distal)?

Answer 9

radial fossa (anterior view)
coranoid fossa (anterior view)

Olecranon fossa (posterior view)

capitulum
medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
medial condyle/trochlea

Question 10

what are the 2 bones of the forearm?

Answer 10

radius - lateral bone in the forearm, head articulates with capitulum of humerus and ulna

ulna - medial bone in the forearm, forms major portion of elbow joint with trochlea of humerus
Ulna -closest to U

Question 11

proximal characteristics of the ulna

Answer 11

trochlear notch
olecranon process
coranoid process
radial notch

Question 12

characteristics of the radius

Answer 12

head of radius
neck of radius
radial tuberosity
styloid process of radius

Question 13

what are the 8 names of the carpus bones?

Answer 13

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrium
pisiform
hamate
capitate
trapeziod
trapezium

Question 14

what is the acronym for the carpus bones?

Answer 14

So (starting at the thumb, on the proximal row)
Long
Tiny
Pinky (arrive at pinky)
Here
Comes
The
Thumb (ending at the thumb, on the distal row)

Question 15

metacarpus

Answer 15

5 metacarpal bones form the palm

Question 16

phalanges

Answer 16

5 phalanges with 14 bones

each phalange has distal, middle, proximal bones
thumb only has the distal and proximal

Question 17

pelvic girdle function

Answer 17

attach lower limbs to axial skeleton with strong ligaments at acetabulum

support pelvic organs

transmit weight of upper body to lower limb

Question 18

ilium

Answer 18

superior, large flaring bone consisting of the body and ala

posterior surface - gluteal

articulates with sacrum medially

Question 19

what is the pelvic girdle composed of?

Answer 19

sacrum
ilium
acetabulum
ischium
pubis

Question 20

what are the 4 spines of the ilium

Answer 20

anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 21

landmarks of the ischium

Answer 21

greater sciatic notch
lesser sciatic notch
ischial spine: attachment point for pelvic ligaments
ischial body
obturator foramen
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity: point of contact when seated

Question 22

pubis

Answer 22

pubic symphesis
superior ramus
obturator foramen
inferior ramus
pubic arch

Question 23

false vs true pelvis

Answer 23

false pelvis is superior to pelvic brim

true pelvis is inferior to belvic brim

pelvic brim (the hole)

Question 24

femur landmarks

Answer 24

head
neck
lesser trochanter (medial)
greater trochanter (lateral)

medial epicondyle
medial condyle
patellar surface
lateral epicondyle
lateral condyle

Question 25

patella

Answer 25

triangular sesamoid bone

imbedded in tendon that secures quadriceps muscles

improves leverage of thigh muscles across knee

protects anterior knee joint by running along patellar surface of femur

Question 26

what are the 2 bones of the leg? which one is medial and which one is lateral?

Answer 26

tibia

fibula

the tibia is the medial one (and larger)

Question 27

tibia landmarks

Answer 27

medial condyle
lateral condyle

tibial tuberosity: attaches quadriceps femoris

medial malleolus

Question 28

fibula landmarks

Answer 28

head

lateral malleolus

Question 29

tarsals

Answer 29

7 bones

• medial cuneiform
• intermediate cuneiform
• lateral cuneiform
• navicular
• talus
• cuboid
• calcaneous

Question 30

metatarsals and phalanges

Answer 30

phalanges

• bones of toes (phalanges)
• each digits 2-5 have 3 phalanges
• Hallux (1) has no middle phalanx

metatarsals (5)
- enlarged head of metatarsal 1 forms the ball of foot

Question 31

transverse arch

Answer 31

posterior metatarsals and anterior tarsals

Question 32

medial longitudinal arch

Answer 32

calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3