Skeletal Sytstem Flashcards
Everything but the terminology of the skeletal system
Main functions of the skeleatal system
supports the body
facilitates movement
protects internal organs
produces blood cells
stores and releases minerals and fat
Total # of bones in human body (ADLT)
206
list the bones in the axial skeleton
skull, thoracic cage, & vertebratal column.
number of head bones
22
number of spinal bones
24
number of thoracic cage bones
25 (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum)
number of bones in the skull
8 (Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Sphenoid, ethmoid, auditory ossicles, external auditory meatus)
Number of bones in the face
8 (zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, inferior concha, comer, mandible, hyoid)
Describe the structure for spine
A series of flexible inverterbratal discs encasing a spinal cord
Types of vertebrae
cervical (c1-c7) Throacic (t1-t12) Lumbar (l1-l5) Sacrum & coccyx
Describe the rib cage
12 pairs of ribs with intercostal cartilage all meeting in the center (the sternum)
Describe the RIB SETS
7 true ribs, 3 false ribs (attached to cartillage), and 2 floating ribs (not attatched to sternum)
Describe the Sternum
3 parts (the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process)
define the appendicular skeleton
the upper and lower limbs
Describe the pectoral girdle
scapula (shoulder blades) clavicle, and the acromion (edge of the clavicle)
Bones of the arm
Humerus (upper arm), radius (thumb-side of forearm) and ulna (pinky side)
Bones of wrist and hand
carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm), phalanges (finger and toe bones)
Bones of the pelvic region
Pelvic girdle (hip bones), illium (largest part of hip bone), ischium (lower portion of pelvic girdle), pubis (anterior portion), pelvis (entire thing), and acetabulum (the socket)
Bones of the leg
Femur (thigh bone), patella, tibia (shin) and fibula (smaller leg bone)
Bones of the ankle and feet
7 tarsals (ankle bones), malleolus (bony thing on your ankle), talus (top bones of the foot), calcaneus (heel), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges
Synathrosis
NO joint movement
Amphiarthrosis
Some movement
Diarthrosis
Free movement
Structures assosciated with joints
Cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments (connects bone to bone), tendons (muscle to bone), bursa, meniscus
Flexion and extension
Occurs in saggital plane. Flexion- anterior/forward movement
Extension- posterior/backward
(think bending back or forward)
Abduction and Adduction
works within frontal plane
Abduction- moving something latertally away from the body
Adduction- bringing something back towards the body
(think shoulder joint)
Circumduction
Circular movement
Rotation
occurs at a pivot joint or ball and socket
Supination and Pronation
Occurs in the forearm directing the position of the radius and ulna
Supination- radius and ulna are parellel (front facing palm)
Pronated- radius and ulna make X shape (backwards palm)
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
Occurs at ankle joint
Dorsiflexion- tilting the foot up towards the tibia
Plantar flexion- pointing toe towards the ground
Inversion and Enversion
Multiple joint movement that brings the joint towards or away from the midline of the body
Inversion- going towards the midline
Eversion- away from the midline
Protraction and Retraction
Movements of the scapula or mandible
Protraction- shoulder is moved foward
Retraction- shoulder is moved back
Depression and elavation
Upwards and downwards movement of the mandible and scapula
