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anatomy > skeletal system pt1 > Flashcards

skeletal system pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four functions of the skeletal system?

A

works with the muscular system to produce movement, makes blood cells in the bone marrow of longer bones, protects the internal organs, stores calcium and other ions for the body until they are needed

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2
Q

the skeletal system works with the muscular system. what is it often referred to as?

A

the skeletomuscular system

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3
Q

how many categories of bones are there? how are they organized?

A

6; by shape

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4
Q

name the 6 types of bones

A

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones, sutural bones

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5
Q

describe the shape and functions of long bones

A

long and slender; supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement

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6
Q

describe the shape and functions of short bones

A

cuboidal/box-shaped; provides stability and some movement

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7
Q

describe the shape and functions of flat bones

A

thin with roughly parallel surfaces; provides protection for internal organs and allows for large, flat surfaces fro muscle attatchment

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8
Q

describe the shape and functions of irregular bones

A

complex shapes usually rounded triangles in shape; helps relieve tension within muscles and tendons

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9
Q

where are sesamoid bones founds?

A

found inside of tendons or near a joint

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10
Q

describe the shape and location of sutural bones

A

small, irregular bones; found between skull bones after they have fused together

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11
Q

how many parts is the skeletal system divided into? what are they?

A

2; axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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12
Q

where is the axial skeleton found and what does it include?

A

the central axis of the body; incudes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

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13
Q

where is the appendicular skeleton found and what does it include?

A

found on the periphery outside of the central axis; includes all structures of the upper and lower extremities

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14
Q

what are the 2 functions of the skull?

A

protects the brain and guards the entry points to the digestive and respiratory systems

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15
Q

how many main parts does the skull have and what are they?

A

3; cranium, facial bones, mandible

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16
Q

what is the cranium and what is it made up of?

A

the top part that covers the brain; made up of 8 fused bones

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17
Q

when does the fusion of the cranium complete and why are we born with separate cranial bones?

A

at about 2 years of age; to make it easier to push out of the birth canal

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18
Q

what are cranial sutures? what type of bone can be found there?

A

the formed lines in the skull when bones fuse; sutural bones

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19
Q

what is the foramen magnum and where can it be found?

A

a large hole that allows the spinal cord to exit into the vertebral column; located at the base of the cranium

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20
Q

what are facial bones?

A

bones found in the face

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21
Q

what is the mandible?

A

the jaw

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22
Q

how many bones are not found in the cranium in the skull? name one and state where it can be found.

A

14; palatine bones found in the roof of the mouth

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23
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

protection for the spinal cord and weight distribution to the lower extremities

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24
Q

how many sections are in the vertebral column and what are they?

A

5; cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

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25
Q

where are the cervical vertebrae and how many bones does it consist of?

A

the neck, 7 bones

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26
Q

there are 2 special bones in the cervical vertebrae. what are they and what do they do?

A

atlas (C1) which fits against the foramen magnum and holds up the head; axis (C2) which allows for head rotation

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27
Q

where are the thoracic vertebrae and how many bones does it consist of?

A

upper back; 12 bones

28
Q

why are there 12 vertebrae in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

those bones articulate/connect with the 12 ribs

29
Q

where are the lumbar vertebrae and how many bones does it consist of?

A

lower back; 5 bones

30
Q

what are the lumbar vertebrae responsible for?

A

weight distribution to the lower extremities

31
Q

what is the sacrum made up of and what does it connect to?

A

a fusion of 5 bones; connects to the pelvis

32
Q

what is the primary function of the sacrum?

A

strengthening and stabilizing the pelvis

33
Q

what is the coccyx made up of and where is it found/what is it?

A

3 fused bones; tailbone

34
Q

why is the spine naturally curved?

A

it acts as another measure to help distribute weight to the lower extremities

35
Q

what is kyphosis?

A

over-curvature of the thoracic spine

36
Q

what is lordosis?

A

over-curvature of the lumbar spine

37
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

lateral curvature of the spine

38
Q

true or false: bones of the vertebral column are regularly shaped

A

false; they are irregularly shaped

39
Q

do size and thickness or general structure vary for bones in the vertebral column?

A

size and thickness (depending on location)

40
Q

what are the main parts of the vertebral column?

A

spinous process, transverse processes, body, vertebral foramen, inferior and superior articular processes

41
Q

what is the spinous process?

A

the part that sticks out the posterior side of the vertebral column

42
Q

what are the transverse processes? what do these do specifically in the thoracic region?

A

those that stick out either side of the bone; used for articulation with ribs

43
Q

what is the body (in terms of the vertebral column)? what does it help do?

A

the main large part of the bone; distribute weight

44
Q

what is the vertebral foramen? what passes through it?

A

the hole; the spinal cord

45
Q

what are the inferior and superior articular processes?

A

those that stick out between the spinous and transverse processes

46
Q

what are the spinous process AND transverse processes used as?

A

attachment points for muscles

47
Q

true or false: the body (vertebral column) is larger in the cervical vertebrae and gets smaller as we move in inferiorly

A

false

48
Q

true or false: the vertebral foramen is larger in the cervical vertebrae and gets smaller as we move in inferiorly

A

true

49
Q

what are the two important things in between vertebrae?

A

intervertebral discs and intervertebral foramen

50
Q

what do intervertebral discs do and where are they found?

A

help absorb and redistribute shock to the vertebral column; between the vertebrae

51
Q

what are intervertebral foramen and why do they exist?

A

gaps between the vertebrae due to the intervertebral discs and the shape of vertebrae

52
Q

where does the spinal cord split into nerves and exits the spinal cord to the rest of the body?

A

the intervertebral foramen

53
Q

which two bones in the vertebral column have unique shapes?

A

the sacrum and coccyx

54
Q

what are the functions of the ribcage?

A

protects organs in the thoracic cavity and takes part in breathing

55
Q

what does the ribcage consist of?

A

the sternum and ribs

56
Q

how many main parts of the sternum are there and what are they?

A

3; manubrium, body, xyphoid process

57
Q

what is the manubrium and what does it connect to?

A

superior portion of the sternum; connects to the axial skeleton to the upper extremities

58
Q

what is the body (in terms of the sternum)?

A

the largest, main part of the sternum

59
Q

what is the xyphoid process?

A

the inferior portion of the sternum

60
Q

true of false: the body articulates with the ribs

A

true

61
Q

true of false: as humans age, the bones of the sternum do not fuse and the entire structure is more flexible

A

false

62
Q

how many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 ribs

63
Q

true or false: the ribs articulate with the body of the sternum on the anterior side and with the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae on the posterior side

A

true

64
Q

what pairs are true ribs and what do true ribs attach to?

A

pairs 1-7, attaches to the sternum and thoracic vertebrae

65
Q

what pairs are false ribs and why are they called “false” ribs?

A

pairs 8-12; they do not attach directly to the sternum

66
Q

what do pairs 8-10 attach to? what do they use to attach?

A

pair 7; costal cartilages (rib cartilage)

67
Q

what are pairs 11-12 known as and what do they attach to?

A

floating ribs; the thoracic vertebrae (they do not make it to the anterior side of the body)

anatomy (11 decks)

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