appendicular skeleton Flashcards
what bones are included in the pectoral girdle?
clavicles and scapulas
what is an alternate name for the rotator cuff?
glenoid cavity
what is found at the rotator cuff/glenoid cavity?
head of the humerus, tendons of the arm muscles, associated with nerve and blood supply
where do most muscles attach to the scapula?
medial and lateral borders, spine of the scapula
where does the clavicle connect to the axial skeleton?
manubrium of the sternum
what are the significant landmarks on the humerus?
head, tuberosities, condyles, and surgical neck
what is the significance of the head of the humerus?
articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity
what is the significance of the tuberosities?
attachment points for muscles of the arm
what is the significance of the condyles?
inferior side of the humerus; medial one is the “funny bone”
what is the significance of the surgical neck?
area where most fractures occur
which is the most lateral bone: the radius or ulna?
the radius
how many carpal bones are there?
8 carpals
how many metacarpals are there?
5 metacarpals
what is the significance of the transverse ligament?
stabilizes the wrist, holds tendons, nerves, and blood vessels that enter and exit the hands (aka the carpal tunnel)
how is the transverse ligament associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?
inflammation of the carpal tunnel causes carpal tunnel syndrome
how many phalanges are on the thumb? name them
2; proximal phalange and distal phalange
how many phalanges do the four fingers have? name them
3; proximal phalange, medial phalange, distal phalange
which bones make up the pelvic girdle? what makes it different from the pelvis?
2 coxae, sacrum, and coccyx; the pelvis only has 2 coxae
what are the main differences between the male and female pelvis?
female: angle is >100 degrees at pubic symphysis, greater distance between iliac crest and ilium, and sacrum and coccyx curves more posteriorly
male: angle is <90 degrees at pubic symphysis, less wide distance between iliac crest and ilium, and sacrum and coccyx curves more anteriorly
which area of the pelvis articulates with the femur?
acetebulum
which area of the pelvis do we commonly associate with the “hip” bone?
iliac crest
which bones are included in the lower limbs?
femur, patella, tibia, fibula. tarsals, metatarsals. phalanges
why is it important that the femur is the largest and stronger bone in our bodies?
carries most of the body’s weight
what part of the femur articulates with the pelvis?
head of the femur
over the knee exists a small bone (the patella) which sits inside of the tendon which is named..?
patella tendon
what type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid bone
is the tibia or fibula smaller?
the fibula
does the tibia or fibula sit more lateral?
the fibula
how many tarsals are there?
7 tarsals
what is the function of the tarsals?
distribute weight to the feet
how many metatarsals are there?
5 metatarsals
how do the phalanges in your toes compare to the ones in your finger in terms of number and name?
the pollex (thumb) and hallux (big toe) both have two phalanges and the rest of the fingers and toes have three phalanges
