Skeletal system pt 1 Flashcards
chapter 8
Skeletal system + 2 parts
- composed of bones, cartilages, joints, ligaments
1. Axial - skull: cranium + facial bones
- vertebral column: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
- Appendicular (limbs)
8 cranial bones
Parietal (2)
Ethmoid (deep)
Sphenoid (deep)
Temporal (2) –> inner ears (balance/hearing)
Occipital
Frontal
Cranial + facial divisions of skull
Coronal: frontal to parietal
Lamboid
And
Squamous
Sagital
Frontal bone
Forehead
- Anterior portion of cranium
- Most of anterior cranial fossa
- superior walls of orbits
- contains air filled frontal sinus
- articulates with parietal bones by coronal suture
- personality
Parietal bones + major associated sutures (walls)
Superior + lateral aspects of cranial vault
1. Coronal suture: bw parietal bones and frontal bone
2. Sagittal suture: bw right + left parietal bones
3. Lambdoid suture: bw parietal bones and occipital bone
4. Squamous (squamosal) sutures: bw parietal + temporal bones on each side of skull
Occipital bone
- Most of skull’s posterior wall and posterior cranial fossa
- articulates with 1st vertebra
- site of attachment for ligmentum nuchae and many neck and back muscles
- back + bottom of head
Temporal bones
Inferolateral aspects of skull and parts of cranial floor
- squamous: zygomatic
- tympanic: outer ear
- mastoid: anchor for neck MM
- petrous: inner/middle ear
Sphenoid bone
- complex, bat shaped bone
- embedded in skull
- keystone bone: articulates with all other cranial bones
- 3 processes: greater wings, lesser wings, pterygoid processes
Ethmoid bone
Delicate bone
- deepest skull bone
- superior part of nasal septum, roof of nasal cavities
- contributes to medial wall of orbits
- crista galli: for dural attachment, secures brain in cranial cavity
what are the 7 categories of facial bones
14 facial bones –> Zoro Likes Punching My Ver
- mandible: lower jaw, u-shape
- largest, strongest bone of face
- body and 2 rami
- temporomandibular joint (TMJ): only freely movable joint in skull - Maxillary bones (2)
- keystone bones: articulate with other facial bones except mandible
- contain maxillary sinuses (largest paranasal sinuses) - Zygomatic bones (2)
- cheekbones
- inferolateral margins of orbits - Nasal (2) + lacrimal bones (2)
- Nasal: form bridge of nose
- lacrimal: medial walls of orbits, lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac - Palatine bones (2)
- posterior 1/3 of hard palate
- posterolateral walls of nasal cavity
- small part of the orbits - Vomer
- plow shaped
- inferior part of nasal septum - inferior nasal conchae (2)
Arnold chiari malformation
- cerebellum develops abnormally
- falls out of head/leaks through
- dizzy, balance loss, headaches
- can be stable and monitored
- can correct surgically
Orbits
- cavaties that encase eyes + lacrimal glands
- sites of attachment for eye muscles
- formed by parts of 7 bones (frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid
Nasal cavity
roof, lateral walls, and floor formed by parts of 4 bones
- ethmoid: sup/middle conchae
- palatine bones: perpendicular plates
- maxillary bones
- inferior nasal conchae
nasal septum of bone + hyaline cartilage
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- vomer
- anterior septal cartilage
Paranasal sinuses
- mucosa lined, air filled spaces
- lighten skull
- enhance resonance of voice
- warm and humidify air
- frontal sinus, ethmoidal air cells (sinus), sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus
Hyoid bone
- not bone of skull
- does not articulate directly with another bone, attached by ligaments to styloid process
- movable base for tongue
- sites of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech
