Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the 4 classes of connective tissues
- Proper: loose (areolar/adipose/reticular) dense (regular/irregular/elastic)
- Cartilage (hyaline/elastic/dibrocartilage)
- Bone tissue
- Blood
Connective tissue functions
structural framework, transport, protection, interconnecting other tissues, storing energy, defense
What are the 3 characteristics of CT?
- Extracellular matrix: Ground substance and Fibers
- Cells
- Common origin of mesenchyme
What are the 3 structural elements of CT?
- Ground substance:
- Interstitial fluid
- Adhesion proteins (glue)
- Proteoglycans: trap water in varying amounts, affecting the viscosity of the ground substance - Fibers:
- Collagen (white): strongest + most abundant, high tensile strength
- Elastic (yellow): stretch + recoil
- Reticular: Short/fine/highly branched collagenous fibers - Cells:
- Mitotically active and secretory cells = blasts- Fibroblasts in connective
tissue proper - Chondroblasts in cartilage
- Osteoblasts in bone
- Mature cells = cytes
- Chondrocytes in cartilage
- Osteocytes in bone
- Erythrocytes in blood
- Fat cells (adipocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), mast cells, and macrophages
- Fibroblasts in connective
What are the loose CT
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
What are the dense CT
Dense regular/irregular, Elastic
Areolar loose
Gell matrix, fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, Wraps and cushions organs, inflammation, under epithelium, packages organs, most abundant
Adipose loose
Matrix but sparse, fat cells, provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, under skin in hypodermis, around kidneys + eyeballs
Reticular Loose
only reticular fibers, fibers from a soft internal skeleton (stroma), lymphocytes, lymph nodes/bone marrow
Regular dense
Parallel collagen fibers, major cell type is fibroblast, attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone, tendons, ligaments
Irregular dense
primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, major cell type is fibroblast, able to withstand tension, structural strength, fibrous capsules of organs and of joints
Elastic dense
Dense regular CT containing high porportion of elastic fibers, allows recoil following stretching, maintains flow of blood via arteries, aids passive recoil of lungs, walls of large arteries
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage: collagen fibers form an imperceptible network, supports/reinforces, resilient cushioning, resist stress, covers ends of long bonds, nose, ribs, trachea
Elastic: more elastic fibers in matrix. maintains shape of structure while allowing flexibility, supports external ear (pinna): epiglottis
Fibrocartilage: Less firm than hyaline but thick collagen fibers, tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock, intervertebral discs + knee joint
What is osseous bone?
Hard calcified matrix with collagen, vascularized, bone supports + protects, stores minerals, site of blood cell formation in bone marrow, bones, high regeneration
Marfan’s syndrome
Genetic disorder of CT (long bones, scoliosis, CV issues)
Blood
Red and white blood cells in plasma, trasnport respiratory gases/nutrients/wastes, contained in blood vessels
Neural tissue
Conducts electrical impulses, contains neurons (longest cells) + neuroglia, cannot divide, cell body, dendrites, axon
Muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle (digestive)
3 Epithelial membranes
- Cutaneous membrane (skin)
- Mucous Membrane: line body cavities open to exterior (digestive/respiratory tracts)
- Serous Membrane: parietal serosae line internal body wall and visceral serosae cover internal organs
