Skeletal System - Module 3

Question 1

What are the functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 1

• Provides shape/support to the body
• Protects vital organs
• Acts as a set of “levers”, working with the muscles to produce movement
• Produces blood cells (hematopoeisis)
• Stores calcium

Question 2

What are the 4 types of bones?

Answer 2

• Long bones - longer than they are wide (form extremeties)
• Short bones - similar length and width (found in wrists/ankles)
• Flat bones - broad shape (found in skull/shoulder blades/pelvis)
• Irregular bones - specialized/do not fit other types (found in ear/face/vertebrae)

Question 3

What are the parts of a long bone?

Answer 3

• Epiphysis - both ends of the bone
• Diaphysis - body of the bone
• Articular Cartillage - covers epiphysis to absorb shock at joints
• Periosteum - tough, fibrous tissue that covers bone’s outer layer
• Medullary Canal - cavity in center of bone shaft (stores marrow)
• Endosteum - lines medullary canal to keep cavity intact

Question 4

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 4

• Red marrow -** produces RBCs, platelets, and WBCs** (found in epiphyses/flat bones)
• Yellow marrow - mostly made of fat cells and fills the medullary canal (serves as fat storage and contains blood vessels)

As our bodies grow, most red marrow is repaced with yellow marrow

Question 5

What are ligaments?

Answer 5

Tough, fibrous bands of connective tissue thatsupport internal organs and hold joints together

Question 6

What are joints? What are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 6

Joints are structures that separate multiple adjacent skeletal elements

• Fibrous joints - connected by dense tissue consisting of collagen (immobilized–e.g. skull bones)
• Cartilaginous joints - connected entirely by cartilage (semi-mobile–e.g. intervertebral discs)
• Synovial joints most common type–connected by joint cavities that contain fluid (highly mobile–e.g. shoulder)

Question 7

How many bones are in the spinal column?

Answer 7

There are 26 vertebrae in the spine:

• 7 cervical (neck)
• 12 thoracic (chest)
• 5 lumbar (lower back)
• 1 sacrum (back of pelvic girdle)
• 1 coccyx (tailbone)

Question 8

What are Tendons?

Answer 8

Tough, fibrous bands of connective tissue which connect muscle to bone

Question 9

Tendon vs. Ligament

Answer 9

• Tendon - Connective tissue connective muscle to bone
• Ligament - Connective tissue connecting bone to bone (joints)

Question 10

What are the 3 classifications of joint movements?

Answer 10

• Synarthroses - Fibrous joints (immobilized)
• Amphiarthroses - Cartilaginous joints (slightly mobile)
• Diarthroses - Synovial joints (fully mobile)

Question 11

How much body weight does the skeletal system make up?

Answer 11

40% body weight