Cardiovascular System - Module 3

Question 1

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

• Supplies nutrients/o2 to body
• Removes metabolic waste/co2 from cells
• Distributes hormones/antibodies throughout body
• Helps control temp. and electrolyte balance

Question 2

What are the layers of the heart?

Answer 2

• Pericardium - (outermost layer double membrane/sac that covers the heart’s exterior and releases lubrication to prevent friction when beating
• Myocardium - (middle/thickest layer) made of muscle tissue that pumps blood throughout heart
• Endocardium - (innermost layer) smooth layer which lines the heart’s interior/blood vessels and allows for smooth blood flow

Question 3

What is/are the pathway/steps of blood circulation?

steps 1-10, starting at Vena Cava

Answer 3

1. Superior/Inferior vena cava
2. Right atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Left Atrium
5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
6. Pulmonary trunk
7. Pulmonary artery
8. Pulmonary arterioles
9. Capillaries of lung
10. Pulmonary venules

Question 4

What is/are the pathway/steps of blood circulation?

steps 11-21, starting at pulmonary veins

Answer 4

11. pulmonary veins
12. Left atrium
13. Bicuspid/mitral valve
14. Left ventricle
15. Aortic semilunar valve
16. Aorta
17. Systemic arteries
18. Systemic arterioles
19. Systemic capillaries
20. Systemic venules
21. Systemic veins

goes back to superior/inferior vena cava to repeat

Question 5

How many liters of blood circulate throughout the avg. body? What percentage of body weight does blood contribute to? What are the solid and liquid parts of blood?

Answer 5

• 4-5 liters of blood
• Makes up 8% of body weight
• Solid part - formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, Plateletes)
• Liquid part - plasma

Question 6

What are the cells found in blood?

Answer 6

• Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) - Contain hemoglobin (which carries oxygen to all cells), RBCs live for 90-120 days
• Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) - Fight disease/infection (larger than RBCs), live for approx. 9 days (pus consists of WBCs mixed with bacteria)
• Thrombocytes (Plateletes) - Smallest blood cells which help to form blood clots to prevent blood loss, usually live for 5-9 days

Question 7

What percentage of whole blood is plasma? What is plasma made up of?

Answer 7

• Whole blood = 55% plasma (51% water)
• Plasma = 90% water and 10% proteins

Question 8

What are the 4 blood types? What is the Rh factor? Which blood type(s) are the unviersal donor(s) and reciever(s)?

Answer 8

• Type A - Contains A protein
• Type B - Contains B protein
• Type AB - Contains both proteins (A and B) (AB+ is Universal Reciver)
• Type O - Contains no protein (O- is Universal Donor)
• Rh factor - Type of substance that causes body to produe antibodies (blood type labelling as positive or negative)

Question 9

What is the normal pulse rate range for a healthy adult?

Answer 9

60 - 100 BPMM

Question 10

Which are thicker, Arteries or Veins? Why?

Answer 10

Arteries are thicker because they need to carry blood to distant parts of the body

Question 11

What is a sign of Congestive Heart Failure and why?

Answer 11

Excess fluid is a sign of CHF because the blood cannot pump as well as it should, causing fluid buildup