Endocrine System - Module 3

Question 1

What do exocrine glands do?

Answer 1

Release chemical substances through ducts to bodily surfaces (like sweat and saliva)

Question 2

Which gland is the “master gland” and why?

Answer 2

The pituitary gland due to its regulation over other glands

Question 3

What are the two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and their function?

Answer 3

• Antidiuretic Hormone - maintains water balance by increasing kidney water absorption
• Oxytocin - stimulates contractions of uterus and milk flow during breastfeeding

Question 4

What are the two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland and their function?

Answer 4

• Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine - regulate body metabolism
• Calcitonin - reduce calcium amount in the blood

Question 5

Why is Iodine important? How do you obtain it?

Answer 5

Thyroid glands require it to function properly–obtained through (certain) foods and iodized salts

Question 6

Where are the parathyroid glands located? What hormone does it produce and what is its function?

Answer 6

• Attached to the back of the thyroid gland
• Produces parathormone which maintains calcium and phosphorus balance
• These hormones also stimulate bone cells to break down tissue and release calcium/phosphate in blood, while also causing kidneys to preserve calcium

Question 7

What do the adrenal glands do?

Answer 7

Produces 30 hormones to:

• Reduce inflammation
• Control bodily fluid levels
• Help develop sexual characteristics in males
• Assist the SNS’s fight, flight, or freeze response

(associated with the kidneys)

Question 8

Which hormones does the pancreas produce? What is their function?

Answer 8

• Insulin - causes cells to store glucose
• Glucagon - causes cells to release glucose

(release of glucose combats low blood sugar)

Question 9

What does the pineal gland produce? What does it do?

Answer 9

Produces melatonin to aid in the sleep cycle and delay onset of puberty

Question 10

What does the thymus produce? What is its function?

Answer 10

Excretes thymosin in early childhood (before adolescence), which stimulates immune cells

Question 11

Identify the Parathyroid glands

Answer 11

Small oval-shaped glands within the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland

Question 12

What is type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes?

Answer 12

• Type 1 Diabetes - Pancreas produces no insulin (hereditary)
• Type 2 Diabetes - Pancreas produces insufficient insulin (acquired)

Question 13

Identify the Adrenal glands

Answer 13

Small, triangle shaped glands located on top of both kidneys

Question 14

Which gland produces a hormone which regulates metabolism?

Answer 14

Thyroid gland