Skeletal System - Clinical Conditions & Terms

Question 1

• when bone breaks from getting compressed
• common in people with osteoporosis
• often seen in vertebrae, caused by the weight of the body

Answer 1

compression fracture

Question 2

• occurs when vertebral disks get smaller and weaker with age
• disks compress and pinch nerves
• the reason why people lose height with age

Answer 2

disk degeneration

Question 3

• when you tear the annular fibrosis and the nucleus pulposus gets pushed out, pinching a nerve
• leading cause is bending over and applying pressure

Answer 3

herniated intervertebral disk

Question 4

Why do herniated intervertebral disks take so long to heal (if at all)?

Answer 4

because cartilage regenerates very slowly

Question 5

What is the condition that occurs when bursae become inflamed?

Answer 5

bursitis

Question 6

What is the condition that occurs when tendons become inflamed?

Answer 6

tendonitis

Question 7

What is the condition that occurs when joints become inflamed?

Answer 7

arthritis

Question 8

• the most common type of infant skull deformity
• when the back of the skull is flat

Answer 8

brachiocephaly

Question 9

• a type of infant skull deformity
• when only one side of the skull is flat

Answer 9

plagiocephaly

Question 10

• a type of infant skull deformity
• when the skull is flat on both sides, but the back is normal
• treated with a cranial scan and cranial orthosis

Answer 10

scaphocephaly

Question 11

Cranial orthosis is used to treat scaphocephaly. What is it?

Answer 11

a helmet that guides the head with gentle, persistent pressure

Question 12

• a condition that occurs when bones weaken and start demineralizing
• occurs when osteoclast activity is higher than osteoblast activity

Answer 12

osteoporosis

Question 13

What is the best prevention for osteoporosis and why?

Answer 13

weight-bearing exercise because pressure strengthens the skeletal system

Question 14

• when a bone breaks completely in 2
• normally caused by a rotating motion
• common in sports that use cleats

Answer 14

spiral fracture

Question 15

• when a bone breaks but not completely, it is still held together by a piece of bone
• common in young children

Answer 15

greenstick fracture

Question 16

• when bone cracks but doesn’t completely break apart
• looks like one long crack
• doesn’t normally require a cast

Answer 16

hairline fracture

Question 17

• when a bone breaks into many tiny cracks
• commonly occurs in the feet

Answer 17

stress fracture

Question 18

What type of bone fracture occurs when bone has shattered into multiple pieces?

Answer 18

comminuted fracture

Question 19

What type of bone fracture occurs when bone breaks through the skin?

Answer 19

open/compound fracture

Question 20

What type of bone fracture occurs when bone breaks within the skin?

Answer 20

closed/simple fracture

Question 21

• the most common type of arthritis
• occurs when articular cartilage dies, resulting in bones grinding against one another
• treated with anti-inflammatories and/or joint replacement
• leading cause is physical activity

Answer 21

osteoarthritis

Question 22

How does physical activity help in preventing osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

movement forces synovial fluid to nourish articular cartilage

Question 23

• a type of arthritis
• an autoimmune disease when the joint capsule gets attacked
• genetic
• treated via immunisuppressants

Answer 23

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 24

• a type of arthritis that occurs when crystals form in synovial fluid
• leading cause is eating too much red meat
• first presents in the big toe

Answer 24

gouty arthritis

Question 25

What is a torn/broken ligament called?

Answer 25

sprain

Question 26

Sprains can be worse than broken bones because of how long they take to heal. This is because ligaments are made of ______ which takes a long time to regenerate.

Answer 26

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 27

What is a stretched/twisted ligament called?

Answer 27

strain