Muscular System - Clinical Conditions & Terms Flashcards
- for Lecture Exam #2
how muscles attach to bone
tendons
the point of attachment that doesn’t move
origin
the point of attachment that moves
insertion
muscles that perform the exact same action
synergists
muscles that perform the exact opposite action
antagonists
muscles that perform the exact opposite action
antagonists
a neuron and all of the muscle fibers it attaches to
motor unit
- growth in the size of muscle fibers
- a result of activity
hypertrophy
- reduction in the size of muscle fibers
- a result of inactivity
atrophy
a bundle of muscle fibers
fascicle
muscle that is responsible for moving the body
skeletal muscle
Which type of fascicle arrangement is the weakest but has the longest distance of contraction?
parallel
Which type of fascicle arrangement is the strongest but has the shortest distance of contraction?
multipennate
Which type of fascicle arrangement makes up sphincters?
circular
In lever systems, what is the point in the middle called?
fulcrum
In lever systems, what is the place where the muscle inserts called?
center of force
In lever systems, what is the center of the body part that the muscle is moving called?
center of weight
What type of lever system is this?
- fulcrum in the middle
- no set advantages/disadvantages
first class
What type of lever system is this?
- center of weight in the middle
- force advantage and distance disadvantage
second class
What type of lever system is this?
- center of force in the middle
- force disadvantage and distance advantage
third class
In a sarcomere, what are thick filaments made of?
myosin
In a sarcomere, what are thin filaments made of?
actin
In a sarcomere, what are z-disks made of?
dystrophin
In a sarcomere, what is the function of titin?
attaches thick filaments to dystrophin
- one functional unit of muscle, from z-disk to z-disk
- shortens upon contraction
sarcomere
muscle of the heart
cardiac muscle
muscle found in the walls of organs
smooth muscle
muscle stem cells that heal torn muscles
satellite cells
Myosin heads can only bind to actin when ______ is present.
calcium
