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Anatomy 231 > Muscular System - Clinical Conditions & Terms > Flashcards

Muscular System - Clinical Conditions & Terms Flashcards

- for Lecture Exam #2

1
Q

how muscles attach to bone

A

tendons

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2
Q

the point of attachment that doesn’t move

A

origin

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3
Q

the point of attachment that moves

A

insertion

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4
Q

muscles that perform the exact same action

A

synergists

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5
Q

muscles that perform the exact opposite action

A

antagonists

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6
Q

muscles that perform the exact opposite action

A

antagonists

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7
Q

a neuron and all of the muscle fibers it attaches to

A

motor unit

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8
Q
  • growth in the size of muscle fibers
  • a result of activity
A

hypertrophy

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9
Q
  • reduction in the size of muscle fibers
  • a result of inactivity
A

atrophy

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10
Q

a bundle of muscle fibers

A

fascicle

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11
Q

muscle that is responsible for moving the body

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

Which type of fascicle arrangement is the weakest but has the longest distance of contraction?

A

parallel

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13
Q

Which type of fascicle arrangement is the strongest but has the shortest distance of contraction?

A

multipennate

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14
Q

Which type of fascicle arrangement makes up sphincters?

A

circular

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15
Q

In lever systems, what is the point in the middle called?

A

fulcrum

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16
Q

In lever systems, what is the place where the muscle inserts called?

A

center of force

17
Q

In lever systems, what is the center of the body part that the muscle is moving called?

A

center of weight

18
Q

What type of lever system is this?
- fulcrum in the middle
- no set advantages/disadvantages

A

first class

19
Q

What type of lever system is this?
- center of weight in the middle
- force advantage and distance disadvantage

A

second class

20
Q

What type of lever system is this?
- center of force in the middle
- force disadvantage and distance advantage

A

third class

21
Q

In a sarcomere, what are thick filaments made of?

A

myosin

22
Q

In a sarcomere, what are thin filaments made of?

A

actin

23
Q

In a sarcomere, what are z-disks made of?

A

dystrophin

24
Q

In a sarcomere, what is the function of titin?

A

attaches thick filaments to dystrophin

25
Q
  • one functional unit of muscle, from z-disk to z-disk
  • shortens upon contraction
A

sarcomere

26
Q

muscle of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

27
Q

muscle found in the walls of organs

A

smooth muscle

28
Q

muscle stem cells that heal torn muscles

A

satellite cells

29
Q

Myosin heads can only bind to actin when ______ is present.

A

calcium

Anatomy 231 (6 decks)

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