Skeletal System - Anatomy

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

the bones of the head, chest, and back

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

the bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

Question 3

cranium

Answer 3

skull

Question 4

frontal bone

Answer 4

forehead bone

• upper part of eye sockets
• extends of the middle of the top of the head

Question 5

parietal bones

Answer 5

bones forming the upper posterior part of the cranium

Question 6

sagittal suture

Answer 6

suture running from front to back

Question 7

occipital bone

Answer 7

bone forming the posterior base of the cranium

Question 8

formamen magnum

Answer 8

hole in the occipital bone through which the spine passes to connect to the brain

Question 9

temporal bones

Answer 9

form the lower sides of the cranium

Question 10

mastoid process

Answer 10

projection from the temporal bone just behind the ear

Question 11

styloid

Answer 11

a point of attachment on the inferior temporal bone for tends to the muscles of the tongue and pharynx and for ligaments to the hyoid bone in the throat

Question 12

syphenoid bone

Answer 12

a large irregularly shaped bone that forms part of the central base and sides of the cranium and the posterior walls of the eye sockets

• tendons attach to move mandible
• holds pituary gland

Question 13

ethmoid bone

Answer 13

forms the poster of nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides and forms the medial walls of the eye sockets

Question 14

facial bones

Answer 14

bones

• supporting the tissues of the face (the nose, cheeks, and lips)
• protecting the eyes and internal structures of the nose, mouth, and upper throat

Question 15

nasal bones

Answer 15

form the upper nose and the upper nasal cavity

Question 16

vomer

Answer 16

narrow wall of bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone

Question 17

lacrimal bones

Answer 17

bones in eye socket

- near lacrimal (tear) glands

Question 18

zygoma

zygomatic bone

Answer 18

cheek bone

Question 19

maxilla

Answer 19

upper jaw bone

Question 20

maxillary bones

Answer 20

two bones fused in middle to form maxilla

Question 21

palatine bones

Answer 21

small, flat bones that form the posterior hard palate

Question 22

mandible

Answer 22

lower jaw bone

• only moveable bone in skull
• connects with temporal bone

Question 23

fontanels

Answer 23

the layers of fibrous tissue between the frontal and parietal bones of a newborn or young child

Question 24

ossicles

Answer 24

three bones of the inner ear

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

Question 25

hyoid bone

Answer 25

flat, U-shaped bone in the anterior neck | - attached to tendons that go to the tongue and larynx

Question 26

thorax

Answer 26

rib cage

Question 27

sternum | breast bone

Answer 27

bone in center of anterior thorax

Question 28

parts of the sternum

Answer 28

- manubrium (triangular) - body of the sternum - xiphoid process (sharp)

Question 29

how many ribs?

Answer 29

12

Question 30

how many true ribs?

Answer 30

7

Question 31

costal cartilate

Answer 31

attaches ribs to sternum

Question 32

costochondral joint

Answer 32

where cartilage meets rib

Question 33

false ribs

Answer 33

attached: - spinal column posteriorly - indirectly to sternum anteriorly

Question 34

floating ribs

Answer 34

ribs 11-12 attached only to spinal column

Question 35

spine | backbone

Answer 35

vertical column of bones - supports head, neck, and trunk of body - protects spinal cord

Question 36

regions of spine

Answer 36

``` cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx ```

Question 37

cervical vertebrae

Answer 37

in neck

Question 38

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 38

in chest

Question 39

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 39

in lower back

Question 40

sacrum

Answer 40

fused vertebrae making posterior triangular part of hip bone

Question 41

coccyx | tail bone

Answer 41

fused vertebrae below sacrum

Question 42

foramen

Answer 42

hole that spine goes through

Question 43

spinous process

Answer 43

part of vertebrae going posteriorly

Question 44

transverse processes

Answer 44

parts of vertebrae going out sideways

Question 45

intervertebral disks

Answer 45

cushiony pillow between vertebrae

Question 46

nucleus pulposus

Answer 46

gelatinous substance in inside of intervertebral disks

Question 47

clavicle | collar bone

Answer 47

top shoulder bone

Question 48

scapula | shoulder blade

Answer 48

triangular-shaped bone on either side of spinal column in upper back

Question 49

acromion

Answer 49

flat projection in scapula that connects it to the clavicle

Question 50

glenoid fossa

Answer 50

shallow depression where the head of the humerus scapula

Question 51

humerus

Answer 51

long bone in upper arm

Question 52

radius

Answer 52

forearm bone on thumb side

Question 53

ulna

Answer 53

forearm bone on non-thumb side

Question 54

olecranon

Answer 54

large, square projection at end of ulna that forms the point of the elbow

Question 55

carpal bones

Answer 55

8 bones in wrist

Question 56

metacarpal bones

Answer 56

bones in hand | - one for each finger

Question 57

phalanges

Answer 57

bones of fingers

Question 58

digits | rays

Answer 58

fingers

Question 59

pelvis

Answer 59

includes hip bones and sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column

Question 60

illium

Answer 60

most superior hip bone | - broad flaring rim (illiac crest)

Question 61

acetabulum

Answer 61

deep socket of hip joint

Question 62

ischium

Answer 62

most inferior hip bone | - "sit bones"

Question 63

pubis | pubic bone

Answer 63

small bridgelike bone | - most anterior of the hip bones

Question 64

pubic symphisis

Answer 64

cartilage pad between the halves of the pubic bone

Question 65

femur

Answer 65

upper leg bone

Question 66

tibia | shin bone

Answer 66

large bone of the lower leg

Question 67

medial malleolus

Answer 67

bony prominence at the distal end of the tibia

Question 68

fibula

Answer 68

very thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg | - not weight-bearing

Question 69

lateral malleolus

Answer 69

bony prominence on the distal end of the fibula

Question 70

patella

Answer 70

kneecap

Question 71

tarsal bones

Answer 71

ankle bones

Question 72

calcaneus | heel bone

Answer 72

largest tarsal bone

Question 73

metatarsal bones

Answer 73

bones in midfoot

Question 74

hallux

Answer 74

the great toe

Question 75

joints

Answer 75

where two bones come together

Question 76

suture joint

Answer 76

immovable with no cartilage | - between two cranial bones

Question 77

symphysis joint

Answer 77

slightly movable joint with a fibrocartilage pad or disk between the bones

Question 78

synovial joint

Answer 78

fully moveable joint - hinge joints - ball-and-socket joints

Question 79

articular cartilage

Answer 79

covers ends of bones of synovial joints

Question 80

ligaments

Answer 80

strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold the two bones together at a synovial joint

Question 81

joint capsule

Answer 81

encases an entire synovial joint - fibrous outer layer - synovial membrane

Question 82

synovial membrane

Answer 82

membrane in the interior of the joint capsule producing synovial fluid

Question 83

synovial fluid

Answer 83

clear, thick fluid that lubricates a synovial joint

Question 84

meniscus

Answer 84

special crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some joints

Question 85

osseous tissue

Answer 85

bone | - type of connective tissue

Question 86

periosteum

Answer 86

thick, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

Question 87

diaphysis

Answer 87

straight shaft in long bone

Question 88

epiphyses

Answer 88

the two widened ends of a long bone

Question 89

epiphysial plates

Answer 89

- where the shaft meets the larger end | - growth line

Question 90

cortical bone

Answer 90

layer of dense compact bone - along the diaphysis - for weight-bearing

Question 91

medullary cavity

Answer 91

filled with yellow bone that contains fatty tissue | - inside cortical bone

Question 92

cancellous bone

Answer 92

spongy bone in the epiphysis | - less dense than compact bone

Question 93

spaces in between cancellous bone

Answer 93

filled with red bone marrow

Question 94

ossification

Answer 94

the gradual replacing of cartilage with bone | - takes place during childhood and adolescence

Question 95

how much of the skeleton is broken down and rebuilt per year?

Answer 95

about 10% | - occurs in areas that are damaged or subjugated to mechanical stress

Question 96

osteoclasts

Answer 96

break down areas of old or damaged bone

Question 97

osteoblasts

Answer 97

deposit new bone tissue in the areas the osteoclasts have broken down

Question 98

osteocytes

Answer 98

maintain and monitor the mineral content of te bone

Question 99

calcium

Answer 99

mineral mostly stored in bone | - needed by heart and skeletal muscle