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Medical Terminology > Skeletal System - Anatomy > Flashcards

Skeletal System - Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

axial skeleton

A

the bones of the head, chest, and back

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

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3
Q

cranium

A

skull

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4
Q

frontal bone

A

forehead bone

  • upper part of eye sockets
  • extends of the middle of the top of the head
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5
Q

parietal bones

A

bones forming the upper posterior part of the cranium

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6
Q

sagittal suture

A

suture running from front to back

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7
Q

occipital bone

A

bone forming the posterior base of the cranium

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8
Q

formamen magnum

A

hole in the occipital bone through which the spine passes to connect to the brain

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9
Q

temporal bones

A

form the lower sides of the cranium

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10
Q

mastoid process

A

projection from the temporal bone just behind the ear

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11
Q

styloid

A

a point of attachment on the inferior temporal bone for tends to the muscles of the tongue and pharynx and for ligaments to the hyoid bone in the throat

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12
Q

syphenoid bone

A

a large irregularly shaped bone that forms part of the central base and sides of the cranium and the posterior walls of the eye sockets

  • tendons attach to move mandible
  • holds pituary gland
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13
Q

ethmoid bone

A

forms the poster of nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides and forms the medial walls of the eye sockets

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14
Q

facial bones

A

bones

  • supporting the tissues of the face (the nose, cheeks, and lips)
  • protecting the eyes and internal structures of the nose, mouth, and upper throat
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15
Q

nasal bones

A

form the upper nose and the upper nasal cavity

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16
Q

vomer

A

narrow wall of bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

lacrimal bones

A

bones in eye socket

- near lacrimal (tear) glands

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18
Q

zygoma

zygomatic bone

A

cheek bone

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19
Q

maxilla

A

upper jaw bone

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20
Q

maxillary bones

A

two bones fused in middle to form maxilla

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21
Q

palatine bones

A

small, flat bones that form the posterior hard palate

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22
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

  • only moveable bone in skull
  • connects with temporal bone
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23
Q

fontanels

A

the layers of fibrous tissue between the frontal and parietal bones of a newborn or young child

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24
Q

ossicles

A

three bones of the inner ear

  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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25
Q

hyoid bone

A

flat, U-shaped bone in the anterior neck

- attached to tendons that go to the tongue and larynx

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26
Q

thorax

A

rib cage

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27
Q

sternum

breast bone

A

bone in center of anterior thorax

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28
Q

parts of the sternum

A
  • manubrium (triangular)
  • body of the sternum
  • xiphoid process (sharp)
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29
Q

how many ribs?

A

12

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30
Q

how many true ribs?

A

7

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31
Q

costal cartilate

A

attaches ribs to sternum

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32
Q

costochondral joint

A

where cartilage meets rib

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33
Q

false ribs

A

attached:

  • spinal column posteriorly
  • indirectly to sternum anteriorly
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34
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11-12 attached only to spinal column

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35
Q

spine

backbone

A

vertical column of bones

  • supports head, neck, and trunk of body
  • protects spinal cord
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36
Q

regions of spine

A 
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
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37
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

in neck

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38
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

in chest

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39
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

in lower back

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40
Q

sacrum

A

fused vertebrae making posterior triangular part of hip bone

41
Q

coccyx

tail bone

A

fused vertebrae below sacrum

42
Q

foramen

A

hole that spine goes through

43
Q

spinous process

A

part of vertebrae going posteriorly

44
Q

transverse processes

A

parts of vertebrae going out sideways

45
Q

intervertebral disks

A

cushiony pillow between vertebrae

46
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

gelatinous substance in inside of intervertebral disks

47
Q

clavicle

collar bone

A

top shoulder bone

48
Q

scapula

shoulder blade

A

triangular-shaped bone on either side of spinal column in upper back

49
Q

acromion

A

flat projection in scapula that connects it to the clavicle

50
Q

glenoid fossa

A

shallow depression where the head of the humerus scapula

51
Q

humerus

A

long bone in upper arm

52
Q

radius

A

forearm bone on thumb side

53
Q

ulna

A

forearm bone on non-thumb side

54
Q

olecranon

A

large, square projection at end of ulna that forms the point of the elbow

55
Q

carpal bones

A

8 bones in wrist

56
Q

metacarpal bones

A

bones in hand

- one for each finger

57
Q

phalanges

A

bones of fingers

58
Q

digits

rays

A

fingers

59
Q

pelvis

A

includes hip bones and sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column

60
Q

illium

A

most superior hip bone

- broad flaring rim (illiac crest)

61
Q

acetabulum

A

deep socket of hip joint

62
Q

ischium

A

most inferior hip bone

- “sit bones”

63
Q

pubis

pubic bone

A

small bridgelike bone

- most anterior of the hip bones

64
Q

pubic symphisis

A

cartilage pad between the halves of the pubic bone

65
Q

femur

A

upper leg bone

66
Q

tibia

shin bone

A

large bone of the lower leg

67
Q

medial malleolus

A

bony prominence at the distal end of the tibia

68
Q

fibula

A

very thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg

- not weight-bearing

69
Q

lateral malleolus

A

bony prominence on the distal end of the fibula

70
Q

patella

A

kneecap

71
Q

tarsal bones

A

ankle bones

72
Q

calcaneus

heel bone

A

largest tarsal bone

73
Q

metatarsal bones

A

bones in midfoot

74
Q

hallux

A

the great toe

75
Q

joints

A

where two bones come together

76
Q

suture joint

A

immovable with no cartilage

- between two cranial bones

77
Q

symphysis joint

A

slightly movable joint with a fibrocartilage pad or disk between the bones

78
Q

synovial joint

A

fully moveable joint

  • hinge joints
  • ball-and-socket joints
79
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers ends of bones of synovial joints

80
Q

ligaments

A

strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold the two bones together at a synovial joint

81
Q

joint capsule

A

encases an entire synovial joint

  • fibrous outer layer
  • synovial membrane
82
Q

synovial membrane

A

membrane in the interior of the joint capsule producing synovial fluid

83
Q

synovial fluid

A

clear, thick fluid that lubricates a synovial joint

84
Q

meniscus

A

special crescent-shaped cartilage pad found in some joints

85
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone

- type of connective tissue

86
Q

periosteum

A

thick, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

87
Q

diaphysis

A

straight shaft in long bone

88
Q

epiphyses

A

the two widened ends of a long bone

89
Q

epiphysial plates

A
  • where the shaft meets the larger end

- growth line

90
Q

cortical bone

A

layer of dense compact bone

  • along the diaphysis
  • for weight-bearing
91
Q

medullary cavity

A

filled with yellow bone that contains fatty tissue

- inside cortical bone

92
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy bone in the epiphysis

- less dense than compact bone

93
Q

spaces in between cancellous bone

A

filled with red bone marrow

94
Q

ossification

A

the gradual replacing of cartilage with bone

- takes place during childhood and adolescence

95
Q

how much of the skeleton is broken down and rebuilt per year?

A

about 10%

- occurs in areas that are damaged or subjugated to mechanical stress

96
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down areas of old or damaged bone

97
Q

osteoblasts

A

deposit new bone tissue in the areas the osteoclasts have broken down

98
Q

osteocytes

A

maintain and monitor the mineral content of te bone

99
Q

calcium

A

mineral mostly stored in bone

- needed by heart and skeletal muscle

Medical Terminology (47 decks)

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