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Medical Terminology > Integumentary System - Words > Flashcards

Integumentary System - Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

integumentary system

A

an extremely large, flat, flexible body system that covers the entire surface of the body

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2
Q

What does the integumentary system include?

A
  • skin (epidermis and dermis)
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands
  • hair
  • nails
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the integumentary system?

A
  • protecting the body

- sense of touch

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4
Q

integument

A

skin, hair, and nails

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5
Q

epithelium

epithelial tissue

A

basic type of tissue that covers the external surface of the body, but also includes the mucous membranes that line the walls of internal cavities that connect to the outside of the body

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the skin?

A

epidermis & dermis

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7
Q

What is the dermis categorized as?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

epidermis

A

thin, outermost layer of the skin

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9
Q

keratin

A

a hard, fibrous protein

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10
Q

What does the most superficial part of the epidermis contain?

A

dead cells that have no nuclei and are filled with keratin

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11
Q

exfoliation

A

the process of constantly shedding or sloughing off the outer protective layer of dead cells

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12
Q

basal layer

A

layer of the epidermis composed of living cells that are constantly dividing and being forced to the surface

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13
Q

Are there blood vessels in the epidermis?

A

no

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14
Q

melanocytes

A

pigment cells that produce melanin

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15
Q

melanin

A

a dark brown or black pigment

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16
Q

dermis

A

thicker layer beneath the epidermis

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17
Q

collagen fibers

A

firm, white protein connective tissue fibers throughout the dermis

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18
Q

elastin fibers

A

elastic, yellow protein fibers in the dermis

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19
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A
  • collagen and elastin fibers
  • arteries
  • veins
  • neurons
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands
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20
Q

dermatome

A

a specific area on the skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord

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21
Q

What is a “C” dermatome?

A

dermatome with a spinal nerve entering the spinal cord at the level of the neck

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22
Q

What is a “T” dermatome?

A

dermatome with a spinal nerve entering the spinal cord at the level of the thorax

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23
Q

What is an “L” dermatome?

A

dermatome with a spinal nerve entering the spinal cord at the level of the lower back

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24
Q

What is an “S” dermatome?

A

dermatome with a spinal nerve entering the spinal cord at the level of the sacrum (last bone in the spinal column)

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25
Q

How does the face send sensory information?

A

through the cranial nerves to the brain

26
Q

sebaceous glands

oil glands

A

a type of exocrine gland that secretes sebum through a duct that goes into a hair follicle

27
Q

exocrine gland

A

gland that secretes its products through ducts opening onto an epithelium instead of into the bloodstream

28
Q

sebum

A

consists of oil that coats and protects the hair shaft to keep it from becoming brittle

29
Q

sweat glands

A

exocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sweat onto the surface fo the skin through a pore

30
Q

What does sweat contain?

A
  • water
  • sodium
  • small amounts of body wastes
    > ammonia
    > creatinine
    > urea
31
Q

What actually causes the odor associated with sweat?

A

the waste products of bacteria on the surface of the skin that digest sebum and sweat

32
Q

perspiration

A

the process of sweating and the sweat itself

33
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

34
Q

follicle

A

small sac in the dermis in which a hair forms

35
Q

What does hair contain?

A
  • melanocytes (to give color to the hair)

- keratin (to make the hair shaft strong)

36
Q

piloerection

A

when the skin is cold, a tiny erector muscle at the base of the hair follicle contracts and causes the hair to stand up

37
Q

What does piloerection do in furry animals?

A

creates an insulating layer and traps heat near the skin

38
Q

What do the nails do?

A

cover and protect the distal ends of the fingers and toes because these areas are easily traumatized

39
Q

nail plate

A

the tough, opaque outer layer of the nails

  • composed of dead cells containing keratin
  • rests on the nail bed
40
Q

nail bed

quick

A

layer of living tissue that contains nerve cells and blood vessels

41
Q

What gives the nail plate its color?

A

blood vessels in the nail bed

42
Q

cuticle

A

an edge of dead cells arising from the skin along the proximal end of the nail

43
Q

nail root

A
  • located beneath the skin of the finger

- produces keratin-containing cells that form the nail plate

44
Q

lunula

A

visible, white part of the nail root

- the whitish half-moon

45
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

loose, connective tissue

  • not considered to be part of the integumentary system
  • composed of adipose tissue
  • could be from very thin to several inches thick
46
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat that contains lipocytes

47
Q

lipocytes

A

cells in the subcutaneous tissue that store fat as an energy reserve

48
Q

What are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue?

A
  • provides a layer of insulation to conserve internal body heat
  • acts as a cushion to protect the bones and internal organs
  • stores energy
49
Q

allergy

allergic reaction

A

a hypersensitivity response to certain types of antigens known as allergens

50
Q

allergens

A 
certain types of antigens
- cells from plant and animal sources
  > food
  > pollens
  > molds
  > animal dander
- dust
- chemicals
- drugs
51
Q

histamine

A

a chemical involved in all allergic reactions

52
Q

What cells release histamine in an allergic reaction?

A
  • basophils in the blood

- mast cells in the connective tissue

53
Q

local reaction

A

allergic reaction occurring when an allergen touches the skin or mucous membranes of a hypersensitive individual

  • redness (erythema)
  • swelling (edema)
  • irritation
  • itching (pruritus)
54
Q

systemic reaction

A

allergic reaction occurring when allergens are inhaled by, ingested by, or injected into a hypersensitive person, causing symptoms in several body systems, and histamine:

  • constricts the bronchioles
  • dialates the blood vessels throughout the body
  • causes hives on the skin
55
Q

anaphylaxis

anaphylactic shock

A

severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life threatening

symptoms include:

  • respiratory distress
  • hypotension
  • shock
56
Q

What are some possible causes of anaphylaxis?

A
  • eating peanuts
  • being stung by a bee
  • taking a drug that has caused a past allergic reaction
  • being exposed to latex gloves
57
Q

superficial wounds

A

open wounds that damage only the epidermis

58
Q

partial thickness wounds

A

open wounds that damage both the epidermis and the dermis

59
Q

full-thickness wounds

A

open wounds that penetrate into or beyond the subcutaneous tissue

60
Q

acne

A

a condition of clogged oil pores

61
Q

What is the purpose of the cuticle?

A

to prevent microorganisms from entering the nail root

62
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A
  • the dead, outer layer consisting of keratin-containing cells
  • the basal layer

Medical Terminology (47 decks)

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