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Medical Terminology > Anatomical Terms and Medical Specialties - Medical Specialties > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms and Medical Specialties - Medical Specialties Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

gastroenterology

A

the study of the stomach and intestines (and related structures)

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2
Q

gastrointestinal system

structures

A
  • mouth (teeth and tongue)
  • salivary glands
  • pharynx (throat)
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
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3
Q

gastrointestinal system

functions

A
  • taste (receive sensory information)
  • digest food (mechanically and chemically)
  • absorb nutrients into the blood
  • excrete undigested wastes
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4
Q

gastroenterology

system

A

gastrointestinal system

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5
Q

pulmonology

A

the study of the lungs (and related structures)

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6
Q

pulmonology

system

A

respiratory system

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7
Q

respiratory system

structures

A
  • nose
  • pharynx (throat)
  • larynx (voice box)
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli (in the lungs)
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8
Q

respiratory system

functions

A
  • inhale oxygen
  • exhale carbon dioxide
  • exchange gases in the alveoli
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9
Q

cardiology

A

the study of the heart (and related structures)

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10
Q

cardiology

body system

A

cardiovascular system

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11
Q

cardiovascular system

structures

A
  • heart
  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
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12
Q

cardiovascular system

functions

A

circulate blood throughout the body

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13
Q

hematology

A

the study of the blood

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14
Q

hematology

body system

A

blood

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15
Q

hematology

structures

A

blood (blood cells and plasma)

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16
Q

blood

functions

A
  • transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells

- transport carbon dioxide to the lungs and wastes to the kidneys

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17
Q

immunology

A

the study of the immune response

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18
Q

immunology

body system

A

blood & lymphatic system

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19
Q

immunology

structures

A
  • lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • white blood cells
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20
Q

lymphatic system

functions

A

recognize and destroy disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells

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21
Q

dermatology

A

the study of the skin (and related structures)

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22
Q

dermatology

body system

A

integumentary system

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23
Q

integumentary system

structures

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • oil glands
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24
Q

integumentary system

functions

A
  • pain, touch, temperature (receive sensory information)
  • protect internal organs
  • regulate body temperature by sweating
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25
Q

orthopedics

A

the knowledge and practice of producing straightness of the bones and muscles in a child or other person

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26
Q

orthopedics

body system

A

skeletal system & muscular system

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27
Q

skeletal system

structures

A
  • bones
  • cartilage
  • ligaments
  • joints
28
Q

skeletal system

functions

A

support the body

29
Q

muscular system

structures

A
  • muscles

- tendons

30
Q

muscular system

functions

A

produce movement of the body

31
Q

neurology

A

the study of the nerves (and related structures)

32
Q

neurology

body system

A

nervous system

33
Q

nervous system

structures

A
  • brain
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal cord
  • spinal nerves
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • neurons
34
Q

nervous system

functions

A
  • receive, relay, and interpret sensory information (vision, hearing, smell, taste, pain, touch, temperature, body position, balance)
  • coordinate movement
  • store and interpret memory and emotion
35
Q

urology

A

the study of the urine and the urinary system

36
Q

urology

body system

A

urinary system

37
Q

urinary system

structures

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
  • nephrons
38
Q

urinary system

functions

A

excrete urine and waste products

39
Q

male reproductive medicine

A

studies the structures that produce children

40
Q

male reproductive medicine

body systems

A

male genital and reproductive system

41
Q

male genital and reproductive system

structures

A
  • scrotum
  • testes
  • epididymides
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • urethra
  • penis
42
Q

male genital and reproductive system

functions

A
  • secrete male hormones
  • produce sperm
  • deliver sperm to the female reproductive system
43
Q

gynecology (GYN)

A

the study of females

44
Q

gynecology

body systems

A

female genital and reproductive system

45
Q

female genital and reproductive system

structures

A
  • breasts
  • ovaries
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • external genitalia
46
Q

female genital and reproductive system

functions

A
  • secrete female hormones
  • produce ova
  • menstruation
  • accept sperm from the male
  • pregnancy
  • milk production after childbirth
47
Q

obstetrics (OB)

A

the knowledge and practice of treating women during pregnancy and childbirth

48
Q

endocrinology

A

the study of the glands within the body that secrete hormones

49
Q

endocrinology

body system

A

endocrine system

50
Q

endocrine system

structures

A
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • thymus
  • pancreas
  • adrenal glands
  • ovaries
  • testes
51
Q

endocrine system

functions

A
  • secrete hormones into the blood

- direct the activities of the body

52
Q

ophthalmology

A

the study of the eye (and other structures)

53
Q

ophthalmology

structures

A

eyes

54
Q

eyes

functions

A

vision (receive sensory information)

55
Q

otolaryngology

A

the study of the ears, nose, pharynx (throat), (larynx, and related structures)

56
Q

otolaryngology

body system

A

ears, nose, and throat (ENT) system

57
Q

ENT system

structures

A
  • ears
  • nose
  • sinuses
  • pharynx (throat)
  • larynx (voice box)
58
Q

ENT system

functions

A
  • hearing (receive sensory information)
  • balance (receive sensory information)
  • smell (receive sensory information)
  • speech
59
Q

psychiatry

A

the medical treatment of the mind

60
Q

oncology

A

the study of a (cancerous) tumor or mass

61
Q

radiology and nuclear medicine

A

Radiology is the study and use of x-rays, sound waves, and other forms of radiation and energy to diagnose diseases and conditions.

62
Q

dentistry

A

a process related to the specialty of the teeth

63
Q

dietetics

A

the knowledge and practice of foods and diet

64
Q

pharmacology

A

the stud6 of medicines and drugs

65
Q

neonatology

A

the study of new babies at birth

66
Q

pediatrics

A

the knowledge and practice of children and their medical treatment

67
Q

geriatrics

A

the knowledge and practice of persons of old age and their medical treatment

Medical Terminology (47 decks)

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