Anatomical Terms and Medical Specialties - Medical Specialties Flashcards
gastroenterology
the study of the stomach and intestines (and related structures)
gastrointestinal system
structures
- mouth (teeth and tongue)
- salivary glands
- pharynx (throat)
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
gastrointestinal system
functions
- taste (receive sensory information)
- digest food (mechanically and chemically)
- absorb nutrients into the blood
- excrete undigested wastes
gastroenterology
system
gastrointestinal system
pulmonology
the study of the lungs (and related structures)
pulmonology
system
respiratory system
respiratory system
structures
- nose
- pharynx (throat)
- larynx (voice box)
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli (in the lungs)
respiratory system
functions
- inhale oxygen
- exhale carbon dioxide
- exchange gases in the alveoli
cardiology
the study of the heart (and related structures)
cardiology
body system
cardiovascular system
cardiovascular system
structures
- heart
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
cardiovascular system
functions
circulate blood throughout the body
hematology
the study of the blood
hematology
body system
blood
hematology
structures
blood (blood cells and plasma)
blood
functions
- transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells
- transport carbon dioxide to the lungs and wastes to the kidneys
immunology
the study of the immune response
immunology
body system
blood & lymphatic system
immunology
structures
- lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid
- spleen
- thymus
- white blood cells
lymphatic system
functions
recognize and destroy disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells
dermatology
the study of the skin (and related structures)
dermatology
body system
integumentary system
integumentary system
structures
- skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat glands
- oil glands
integumentary system
functions
- pain, touch, temperature (receive sensory information)
- protect internal organs
- regulate body temperature by sweating
orthopedics
the knowledge and practice of producing straightness of the bones and muscles in a child or other person
orthopedics
body system
skeletal system & muscular system
skeletal system
structures
- bones
- cartilage
- ligaments
- joints
skeletal system
functions
support the body
muscular system
structures
- muscles
- tendons
muscular system
functions
produce movement of the body
neurology
the study of the nerves (and related structures)
neurology
body system
nervous system
nervous system
structures
- brain
- cranial nerves
- spinal cord
- spinal nerves
- cerebrospinal fluid
- neurons
nervous system
functions
- receive, relay, and interpret sensory information (vision, hearing, smell, taste, pain, touch, temperature, body position, balance)
- coordinate movement
- store and interpret memory and emotion
urology
the study of the urine and the urinary system
urology
body system
urinary system
urinary system
structures
- kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
- nephrons
urinary system
functions
excrete urine and waste products
male reproductive medicine
studies the structures that produce children
male reproductive medicine
body systems
male genital and reproductive system
male genital and reproductive system
structures
- scrotum
- testes
- epididymides
- vas deferens
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- urethra
- penis
male genital and reproductive system
functions
- secrete male hormones
- produce sperm
- deliver sperm to the female reproductive system
gynecology (GYN)
the study of females
gynecology
body systems
female genital and reproductive system
female genital and reproductive system
structures
- breasts
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- external genitalia
female genital and reproductive system
functions
- secrete female hormones
- produce ova
- menstruation
- accept sperm from the male
- pregnancy
- milk production after childbirth
obstetrics (OB)
the knowledge and practice of treating women during pregnancy and childbirth
endocrinology
the study of the glands within the body that secrete hormones
endocrinology
body system
endocrine system
endocrine system
structures
- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid glands
- thymus
- pancreas
- adrenal glands
- ovaries
- testes
endocrine system
functions
- secrete hormones into the blood
- direct the activities of the body
ophthalmology
the study of the eye (and other structures)
ophthalmology
structures
eyes
eyes
functions
vision (receive sensory information)
otolaryngology
the study of the ears, nose, pharynx (throat), (larynx, and related structures)
otolaryngology
body system
ears, nose, and throat (ENT) system
ENT system
structures
- ears
- nose
- sinuses
- pharynx (throat)
- larynx (voice box)
ENT system
functions
- hearing (receive sensory information)
- balance (receive sensory information)
- smell (receive sensory information)
- speech
psychiatry
the medical treatment of the mind
oncology
the study of a (cancerous) tumor or mass
radiology and nuclear medicine
Radiology is the study and use of x-rays, sound waves, and other forms of radiation and energy to diagnose diseases and conditions.
dentistry
a process related to the specialty of the teeth
dietetics
the knowledge and practice of foods and diet
pharmacology
the stud6 of medicines and drugs
neonatology
the study of new babies at birth
pediatrics
the knowledge and practice of children and their medical treatment
geriatrics
the knowledge and practice of persons of old age and their medical treatment
