Skeletal system Flashcards
Ligaments
The role of it is to join bone to bone. They are formed of tough connective tissue that holds the bone together to form a joint.
The role of it is to join bone to bone. They are formed of tough connective tissue that holds the bone together to form a joint.
Ligaments
Tendons
The role of it is to join (skeletal) muscle to bone. Tendons are formed of a tough connective tissue. Tendons are relevant to sport and physical activity because:
They hold muscle to bone so that went the muscle contracts the muscle can pull on the bone and cause movement at joint
The role of it is to join (skeletal) muscle to bone. Tendons are formed of a tough connective tissue. Tendons are relevant to sport and physical activity because:
They hold muscle to bone so that went the muscle contracts the muscle can pull on the bone and cause movement at joint
Tendons
Cardiac muscles
Location: Cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscles are unconsciously controlled - we don’t have to think to make it contract.
E.g. - Cardiac muscles in the heart contracts to pump blood around the blood.
Location: Cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscles are unconsciously controlled - we don’t have to think to make it contract.
E.g. - Cardiac muscles in the heart contracts to pump blood around the blood.
Cardiac muscles
Voluntary muscles
Location: Voluntary muscles are the skeletal muscles that attach via tendons to the skeleton to allow movement.
Voluntary muscles are under conscious control - we move them when we want to; consciously decide when they should work
E.g. - the biceps contract to flex the arm at the elbow when we perform biceps curls
Location: Voluntary muscles are the skeletal muscles that attach via tendons to the skeleton to allow movement.
Voluntary muscles are under conscious control - we move them when we want to; consciously decide when they should work
E.g. - the biceps contract to flex the arm at the elbow when we perform biceps curls
Voluntary Muscles
Involuntary muscles
Location: Involuntary muscles are found in blood vessels (and the stomach and intestines)
They contract slowly and rhythmically and are unconsciously controlled - they contract automatically when required to by the body.
E.g The involuntary muscles in the blood vessels help regulate blood flow vascular shunting
Location: Involuntary muscles are found in blood vessels (and the stomach and intestines)
They contract slowly and rhythmically and are unconsciously controlled - they contract automatically when required to by the body.
E.g The involuntary muscles in the blood vessels help regulate blood flow vascular shunting
Involuntary muscles
Deltoid
Location: Top of the shoulders
Role: Abducts the shoulder
E.g. Lifting your arms above your head to block the ball in volleyball
Location: Top of the shoulders
Role: Abducts the shoulder
E.g. Lifting your arms above your head to block the ball in volleyball
Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Location: Side of the back
Role: Adducts the upper arm at the shoulders / Rotates the humerus.
E.g. Bringing arms back to side during a straight jump in trampolining.
Location: Side of the back
Role: Adducts the upper arm at the shoulders / Rotates the humerus.
E.g. Bringing arms back to side during a straight jump in trampolining.
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis
Location: Front of upper chest
Role: Adducts the arm at the shoulder
E.g. Follow through from a forehand drive in tennis.
Location: Front of upper chest
Role: Adducts the arm at the shoulder
E.g. Follow through from a forehand drive in tennis.
Pectoralis
Biceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Front of upper arm
Role: Flexion of the arm at the elbow
E.g. Upwards phase of a bicep curl
Location: Front of upper arm
Role: Flexion of the arm at the elbow
E.g. Upwards phase of a bicep curl
Biceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Triceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Back of upper arm
Role: Extension of the arm at the elbow
E.g. Straightening the arms in a chest press
Location: Back of upper arm
Role: Extension of the arm at the elbow
E.g. Straightening the arms in a chest press
Triceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Hip flexors
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Very top of front of upper leg
Role: Flexion of leg at the hip
E.g. Bringing the legs up in a seat drop
Location: Very top of front of upper leg
Role: Flexion of leg at the hip
E.g. Bringing the legs up in a seat drop
Hip flexors
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Gluteus Maximus
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Buttocks
Role: Extension of the leg at the hip
E.g. Lifting the leg back at the hip when running
Location: Buttocks
Role: Extension of the leg at the hip
E.g. Lifting the leg back at the hip when running
Gluteus Maximus
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Gastrocnemius
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Back lower leg
Role: Plantar flexion
E.g. Pointing the toes when performing a pike in trampolining
Location: Back lower leg
Role: Plantar flexion
E.g. Pointing the toes when performing a pike in trampolining
Gastrocnemius
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Tibialis Anterior
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Front of the lower leg
Role: Dorsi-Flexion at the ankle
E.g. Bringing the toes up towards the shins when extending the legs in a long jump
Location: Front of the lower leg
Role: Dorsi-Flexion at the ankle
E.g. Bringing the toes up towards the shins when extending the legs in a long jump
Tibialis Anterior
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Quadriceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Front of upper leg
Role: Extension of the leg at the knee
E.g. Straightening the leading leg going over a hurdle
Location: Front of upper leg
Role: Extension of the leg at the knee
E.g. Straightening the leading leg going over a hurdle
Quadriceps
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Hamstrings
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Location: Back of upper leg
Role: Flexion of the leg at the knee
E.g. Bending the trailing leg going over a hurdle
Location: Back of upper leg
Role: Flexion of the leg at the knee
E.g. Bending the trailing leg going over a hurdle
Hamstrings
Part of an Antagonistic pair
Slow Twitch Type I
Produce low force Slow speed of contraction High endurance \+ Good in endurance activities to keep going without tiring E.g. Leg muscles in a cross country - Do not produce much power
Produce low force Slow speed of contraction High endurance \+ Good in endurance activities to keep going without tiring E.g. Leg muscles in a cross country - Do not produce much power
Slow Twitch Type I
Fast Twitch Type IIa
Produce high force
Moderate speed of contraction
Medium endurance
+ More resistant to fatigue than Type IIx
E.g. 400 Metre Sprint
- Not as powerful as Type IIx or resistant to fatigue as Type I
Produce high force
Moderate speed of contraction
Medium endurance
+ More resistant to fatigue than Type IIx
E.g. 400 Metre Sprint
- Not as powerful as Type IIx or resistant to fatigue as Type I
Fast Twitch Type IIa
Fast Twitch Type IIx
Produce very high force
Fast contacting
Low endurance
+ Good for short, explosive actions requiring power, strength and speed
E.g. 100 metre sprint
- Only provide power for a very short time before becoming fatigued.
Produce very high force
Fast contacting
Low endurance
+ Good for short, explosive actions requiring power, strength and speed
E.g. 100 metre sprint
- Only provide power for a very short time before becoming fatigued.
Fast Twitch Type IIx
