Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Protection
Movement
Support
How does the skeleton support
Provides a frame for the body eg allowing us to balance when doing a hand stand
How does the skeleton protect
Provides protection around the vital organs eg skull protects the brain
How does the skeleton aid movement
Bones provide a place for the muscle to attach to so when the contract they pull the bones causing movement
Bones act as levers that allow the body to exert a force
What is a joint
A place where two or more bones meet to allow movement to occur
What are hinge joints
At the knee and elbow
Flexion and extension happens there
What are ball and socket joints
At the hip and shoulder
Flexion extension rotation adduction and abduction happen there
What is flexion
When the angle at a joint decreases and the two bones move together eg when the player is preparing to kick a football
What is extension
When the angle at a joint increases when two bones are moving away from each other eg at the knee when kicking a ball
What is abduction
The movement of a limb away from the middle of the body
Only in ball an socket eg when reaching out to catch a netball
What is adduction
The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
Only at ball and socket joints eg when moving leg in after a straddle
What is rotation
When the bone at a joint moves around its own axis so making a circular movement eg in swimming when doing front crawl
What happens when bone density increases
Reduced chance of osteoporosis
Better posture
Reduced chance of features
What are the benefits of having stronger tendons and ligaments
Better support of joints so more stability and less chance of Injury
Also increases production of synovial fluids increasing lubrication of joints and flexibility
What is bone density
A measurement of the mineral content in the bone
The greater the bone density the stronger the bone
What is a fracture
A broken bone happens when the force on the bone is stronger than the bone itself
Symptoms are pain bruising swelling and misshapen limbs
What is a compound fracture
When the broken bone causes the skin to break which adds a possibility of infection
What are simple fractures
Where the bone does not break the skin
What is a greenstick fracture
Where the bone breaks on one side and bends on the other
More common in younger children
What are stress fractures
Commonly caused by overuse and a small crack forms in the bone
What is tennis elbow
A joint injury where the tendons become inflamed and pain is felt on the outside of the elbow
Caused by poor technique or overuse
What is golfers elbow
Tendons become inflamed and pain is felt on the inside of the elbow
Caused by poor technique or overuse
What is dislocation
Where one of the bones at a joint comes out of place often caused by falls or blows to the area
Symptoms are pain misshapen joints and swelling
What is a sprain
A joint injury where some of the fibres in the ligament are torn
Happens when the joint goes through a greater range than normal eg by forceful twisting or over stretching a joint
Symptoms are swelling bruising and pain
