Mind And Body Flashcards
What are somatotypes
The term used to describe different body types and shapes
What is a mesomorph
Low level of fat Easily builds muscle Solid build Wide shoulders Narrow hips
They are suited to activities needed power or strength such as
Sprinting
weight lifting
Boxing
What is an ectomorph
Long thin frame Narrow shoulders and hips Slim build Doesn't easily build muscle Doesn't store fat easily
Suited to activities where being light is an advantage such as
Long distance running
High jump
What is an endomorph
Wide hips
Narrow shoulders
Stores fat easily
Usually suited to activities where weight is an advantage and they can use weight to build momentum and give power such as
Shot put
Sumo wrestling
What factors effect optimum weight
Height
Sex
Bone structure
Muscle girth
How does height affect optimum weight
The taller you are the more you will weigh
But in some advantages height is an advantage so it’s okay to be over the optimum weight
How does sex effect the optimum weight
Males are usually bigger so will weight more so men could have an advantage in activities where power or strength is needed this is why men and women compete separately
How does bone structure effect optimum weight
Some people have longer or wider bones so will have more bone density a larger bone structure will make the person weigh more
How does muscle girth effect the optimum weight
The circumference of the muscle is muscle girth
People with bigger muscles will weigh more but bigger muscles are an advantage in sports that require power or strength
What is anorexia nervosa
It is a serious eating disorder where the sufferer refuses to eat due to an obsession with losing weight
the body will lack nutrients needed causing:
Fatigue
Fainting/dizziness
Muscular atrophy
Death
What is under weight
Not weighing as much as expected for your height and sex
If you are very underweight then you may become too tired and weak to do exercise and physical fitness and performance levels will decrease
What is overweight
You weigh more than the expected weight for your height and sex
Overweight is not harmful unless you are also overfat
Some elite performers are overweight due to one density or muscle girth but are not over fat
What is over fat
Having more body fat than high should
If you have excessive fat it can lead to high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels
You can be over fat without being over weight
What is obese
A term used to describe people who are very overfat when the body has an increased fat level that becomes seriously unhealthy it can lead to: Mobility issues or lack of flexibility Additional stress on bones and joints Heart disease Type 2 diabetes Depression due to low self esteem
What are anabolic steroids
They increase the amount of restoring in the body
So the athlete can train harder for longer and muscular hypertrophy happens easier
They speed up recovery time and ultimately increase the chances of winning
They provide a power advantage so sprinters are most likely to take them
What are the risks of anabolic steroids
Cause liver damage and coronary heart disease Infertility Acne Mood swings and increased aggression Premature baldness
What are beta blockers
They block the affects of adrenaline so lower the heart rate
They have a calming effect and reduce anxiety and muscle tremor allowing the performer to remain in control and ultimately increased the chance of winning
They improve precision so are used in events like archery shooting diving and gymnastics
What are the risks of beta blockers
Slow in heart rate and oxygen delivery so do not benefit long distance events
Lower blood pressure
Tiredness due to sleep disturbance
What are diuretics
Drugs that increase urine production so increase the amount of fluid lost by the body they don’t directly enhance performance
They allow quick weight loss and can mask other performance enhancing substances by removing them from the body
Jockeys and boxers will use them to reach the match weight
What are the risks of diuretics
Dehydration
Nausea and headaches
Heart and kidney failure
What are narcotic analgesics
The are used to relive pain so increase the performers pain threshold and mask injuries so the performer can continue to compete as well as giving a sense of being invincible and increasing confidence
Any performer with an injury would use them
What are the risks of narcotic analgesics
Nausea/sickness Anxiety/depression Kidney/liver damage Addiction Loss of concentration Further damage to injury
What are stimulants
The elevate the mood and make the performer more alert and increase reaction times
They reduce tiredness and increase heart rate and oxygen delivery but increase competitiveness and aggression levels
They are helpful to performers who need aggression and performers who must stay alert for long times like long distance cyclists
What are the risks of stimulants
Insomnia
Anxiety
Aggression
Irregular heart rate
