Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

The compact noncancellous portion of bone that consists largely of concentric lamellar osteons and interstitial lamellae

Question 4

Spongy bone

Answer 4

Bone in which the spicules form a latticework, with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow.

Question 5

Long bones

Answer 5

hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement.

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

bones whose principal function is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment. These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis), sternum and the rib cage.

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone.

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

elongated shaft of a long bone

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

Question 11

Epiphyseal line

Answer 11

is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

Question 12

Comminuted fracture

Answer 12

a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments.

Question 13

Compression fracture

Answer 13

a collapse of a vertebra

Question 14

Depressed fracture

Answer 14

a fracture especially of the skull in which the fragment is depressed below the normal surface.

Question 15

Impacted fracture

Answer 15

a bone fracture in which the parts of the broken bone are driven toward or into each other by force

Question 16

Spiral fracture

Answer 16

a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone

Question 17

Greenstick fracture

Answer 17

a fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.

Question 18

Hematoma

Answer 18

swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Question 19

Cranium

Answer 19

skull

Question 20

Occipital bone

Answer 20

the bone that forms the back and base of the skull

Question 21

Vertebral column

Answer 21

the spine, formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones

Question 22

Vertebrae

Answer 22

each of the series of small bones forming the backbone, having several projections for articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes

Question 23

Intervertebral discs

Answer 23

the discs of fibrocartilage between the vertebrae

Question 24

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 24

seven cylindrical bones, or vertebral bodies (C1-C7), that provide support and structure for the cervical spine

Question 25

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

each of the twelve bones of the backbone to which the ribs are attached.

Question 26

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

Question 27

Sacrum

Answer 27

a triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hipbones of the pelvis

Question 28

Coccyx

Answer 28

a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae

Question 29

Sternum

Answer 29

the breastbone

Question 30

Ribs

Answer 30

ne of a series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans, on each side of the vertebrate body, certain pairs being connected with the sternum and forming the thoracic wall

Question 31

Clavicle

Answer 31

collarbone

Question 32

Scapula

Answer 32

shoulder blade

Question 33

Humerus

Answer 33

bone of the upper arm or forelimb

Question 34

Radius

Answer 34

one of the two large bones of the forearm the other being the ulna

Question 35

Ulna

Answer 35

the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm

Question 36

Carpal bones

Answer 36

eight small bones that make up the wrist that connects the hand to the forearm

Question 37

Pelvic girdle

Answer 37

incomplete bony basin formed by the two coxal bones that secures the lower limbs to the sacrum of the axial skeleton

Question 38

Femur

Answer 38

the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb

Question 39

Tibia

Answer 39

the inner and typically larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle (or the equivalent joints

Question 40

Fibula

Answer 40

the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans