Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

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2
Q

sensory input

A

stimuli that is perceived by our senses like smell, sight, touch, taste, and hearing

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3
Q

integration

A

the action or process of integrating

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4
Q

central nervous system

A

the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body.

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

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7
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

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8
Q

neuroglia

A

non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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9
Q

astrocytes

A

are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord.

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10
Q

microglia

A

glial cells derived from mesoderm that function as macrophages (scavengers) in the central nervous system and form part of the reticuloendothelial system.

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11
Q

ependymal cells

A

These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

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12
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

the myelinating cells of the central nervous system

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13
Q

Schwann cells

A

any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

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14
Q

satellite cells

A

are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells

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15
Q

neurons

A

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

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16
Q

dendrites

A

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

17
Q

axons

A

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

18
Q

axon hillock

A

s a specialized part of the cell body (or soma) of a neuron that connects to the axon

19
Q

axon terminals

A

are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse, across which impulses are sent.

20
Q

myelin

A

a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted.

21
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

22
Q

depolarization

A

loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior

23
Q

action potential

A

caused when different ions cross the neuron membrane

24
Q

repolarization

A

refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.

25
Q

cerebrum

A

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

26
Q

parietal lobe

A

either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information.

27
Q

frontal lobe

A

located at the front of the brain, is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.

28
Q

occipital lobe

A

the rearmost lobe in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

29
Q

temporal lobe

A

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech.

30
Q

gray matter

A

major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.

31
Q

cerebral white matter

A

result in focal neurobehavioral syndromes, neuropsychiatric phenomena, and dementia

32
Q

cerebellum

A

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.