Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The science of the structure of living organisms.

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2
Q

physiology

A

The science of the functioning of living organisms.

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3
Q

organelles

A

Specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions.

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4
Q

cell

A

the basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.

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5
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

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6
Q

organ

A

a part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specialized function.

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7
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function

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8
Q

organism

A

an individual living thing

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9
Q

metabolism

A

the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

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10
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body

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11
Q

negative-feedback mechanisms

A

feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end

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12
Q

receptor

A

a peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli

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13
Q

control center

A

determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action

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14
Q

effector

A

an organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings

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15
Q

positive-feedback mechanism

A

feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change; enhances the stimulus

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16
Q

anatomical position

A

when the body is in a standard position

17
Q

superior

A

refers to the head or upper body regions

18
Q

inferior

A

pertaining to a position near the tail end of the long axis of the body

19
Q

anterior

A

the front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface

20
Q

posterior

A

the back of an organism, organ, or part

21
Q

sagittal plane

A

a longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body of any of its parts into right and left portions

22
Q

transverse plane

A

plane that divides the body or its parts into superior and inferior portions; also called a cross section

23
Q

frontal plane

A

a longitudinal planes that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts

24
Q

oblique plane

A

slanting

25
Q

thoracic cavity

A

separated from the rest of the ventral cavity (chest)

26
Q

abdominal cavity

A

containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs

27
Q

pelvic cavity

A

reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

28
Q

serous membranes

A

membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (except for joint cavities)

29
Q

pericardial cavity

A

potential space formed between the two layers of serious pericardium around the heart

30
Q

pleural cavity

A

space that lies between the pleura, contains a small amount of thin fluid

31
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

potential space between the parietal peritoneum

32
Q

mesentery

A

the double layered membrane of the peritoneum that supports most of the organs in the abdominal cavity