Endocrine/Urinary System

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action

Question 2

Steroids

Answer 2

any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins.

Question 3

Tropic hormones

Answer 3

stimulates an endocrine gland to grow and secrete it’s hormones

Question 4

Growth hormone

Answer 4

a hormone that stimulates growth in animal or plant cells, especially (in animals) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

Question 5

Pineal body

Answer 5

a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some mammals.

Question 6

Hypothalamus

Answer 6

a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.

Question 7

Pituitary gland

Answer 7

the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands

Question 8

Thyroid gland

Answer 8

a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

Question 9

Parathyroid gland

Answer 9

small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone.

Question 10

Adrenal gland

Answer 10

endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Question 12

Gonads

Answer 12

an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary

Question 13

Kidneys

Answer 13

each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, excreting urine.

Question 14

Nephrons

Answer 14

each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.

Question 15

Uric acid

Answer 15

an almost insoluble compound that is a breakdown product of nitrogenous metabolism. It is the main excretory product in birds, reptiles, and insects.

Question 16

Creatinine

Answer 16

a compound that is produced by metabolism of creatine and excreted in the urine.

Question 17

Nitrogenous waste

Answer 17

metabolic waste product that contains nitrogen

Question 18

Urea

Answer 18

a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine.

Question 19

Urethra

Answer 19

the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.

Question 20

Urine

Answer 20

a watery, typically yellowish fluid stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra. It is one of the body’s chief means of eliminating excess water and salt and also contains nitrogen compounds such as urea and other waste substances removed from the blood by the kidneys.

Question 21

Urinary bladder

Answer 21

a hollow muscular organ in many animals, that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination

Question 22

Electrolyte balance

Answer 22

The relative concentrations of ions in the body’s extracellular and intracellular fluids, especially those produced from ionized salts.

Question 23

Intracellular fluid

Answer 23

Human cells are bathed in fluids both inside the cell and out.

Question 24

Extracellular fluid

Answer 24

usually denotes all body fluid outside the cells