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A&P > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane that surrounds the cartilage and has a blood supply

A

Perichondrium

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2
Q

Most abundant skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Cartilage located at the ends of long bones

A

Articular cartilage

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4
Q

Cartilage that holds ribs to the sternum

A

Costal cartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage found in the trachia

A

Respiratory cartilage

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6
Q

Cartilage found at the tip of the nose

A

Nasal cartilage

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7
Q

Cartilage found in the outer ear

A

Elastic cartilage

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8
Q

Cartilage that is strong and found in areas where there is a lot of compression, pressure, or stress

A

Fibrocartilage

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9
Q

Cartilage that sits right on the tibia

A

Meniscus of the knee

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10
Q

Cartilage that sits between vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

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11
Q

Cartilage found in the hips

A

pubic symphysis

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12
Q

Type of bone that has a shaft and two ends

A

Long bones

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13
Q

Type of bone that looks like pebbles and cubed; found in the tarsal and carpal

A

Short bones

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14
Q

Type of bone that grows within a tendon; patella, carpal area, tarsal

A

Sesamoid bones

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15
Q

Type of bone that is flat and usually curved; skull and sternum

A

Flat bones

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16
Q

Type of bone that makes up the vertebrae

A

Irregular bones

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17
Q

Where does blood cell formation take place?

A

within the bone marrow

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18
Q

Type of minerals stored in bones

A

calcium and phosphate

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19
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
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20
Q

Shaft of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

Ends of the long bone

A

Epiphyses

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22
Q

Found at the end of the long bone, acts as a cushion

A

Articular cartilage

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23
Q

Growth plate; where the long bone grows in length and consists of all hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

Growth plate after it turns into bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

Membrane that surrounds the bone, holds muscle to bone; has a great blood supply, nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels

A

Periosteum

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26
Q

Cell that produces bone material

A

Osteoblasts

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27
Q

Cell that breaks down bone

A

Osteoclasts

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28
Q

Membrane that lines the marrow cavity, covers most of spongy bone

A

Endosteum

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29
Q

Type of bone that has a bunch of holes and plates of bone

A

Spongy bone

30
Q

Plates of bone

A

Trabeculae

31
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

Osteon (Haversian system)

32
Q

Rings around the central canal

A

Lamella

33
Q

Where blood vessels and nerves are

A

Central (Haversian) canal

34
Q

Run at a right angle to the central canal and connects the osteons

A

Perforating canals (Volkman’s)

35
Q

Contains the osteocytes

A

Lacunae

36
Q

Small canal within the bone that carries blood to the osteocytes

A

Canaliculi

37
Q

Bone formation

A

Osteogenesis

38
Q

When bone starts to form

A

Embryos

39
Q

When does bone growth occur?

A

Early adulthood (puberty)

40
Q

Bone formation within a membrane such as in the clavicle and skull bones

A

Intramembranous ossification

41
Q

Two places where hyaline cartilage remains:

A

Articular cartilage

epiphyseal plates

42
Q

How often and what percent of our bone mass do we recycle?

A

Every week, 5-7%

43
Q

How often is spongy bone replaced?

A

3-4 years

44
Q

How often is compact bone replaced?

A

every 10 years or so

45
Q

This part of the bone is replaced every 5-6 months whereas the shaft is replaced much more slowly

A

Distal part of the femur

46
Q

This type of break is when the ends of the bone remain in alignment

A

Nondisplaced fractures

47
Q

This type of break is when the end of bones are out of alignment

A

Displaced fracture

48
Q

This type of break in the bone is when the bone is broken completely through

A

Complete fracture

49
Q

This type of break in the bone is when it has not broken through

A

Incomplete fracture

i.e stress fracture

50
Q

This type of break in bone is when it breaks through the skin

A

Compound fracture

51
Q

This type of break in the bone is when the skin has not been broken

A

Simple fracture

52
Q

This type of break in the bone is when the doc can replace with hands

A

Closed reduction

53
Q

This requires surgery to fix the broken bone

A

Open reduction

54
Q

Type of procedure where the screws are placed on the inside of the skin

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

55
Q

Type of procedure where the screws are placed on the outside of the skin

A

Open Reduction External Fixation

56
Q

Pooling of blood

A

Hematoma

57
Q

What are the four step in the repair process of bone?

A

Hematoma Formation
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling

58
Q

Part of the bone repair process where the collagen fibers lay down between fractured ends

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

59
Q

Part of the bone repair process where osteoblasts lay down bone material

A

Bony callus formation

60
Q

Part of the bone repair process where osteoclasts break down the excess bone material and form the marrow cavity

A

Bone remodeling

61
Q

Abnormal softening of the bone

A

Osteomalacia

62
Q

In children: the abnormal softening of the bone

A

Rickets

63
Q

What is the activity of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts in osteoporosis?

A

Increased activity of osteoclasts, decreased activity of osteoblasts

64
Q

Most common place where osteoporosis occurs in the skeleton

A

Vertebra and the neck of femur

65
Q

What hormone maintains the health and normal density of the skeleton by slowing the activity of osteoclasts and increasing the activity of osteoblasts?

A

Testosterone and estrogen

66
Q

Contributing factors of osteoporosis

A

Not enough weight bearing exercise and decrease in Vitamin D that is necessary for calcium absorption

67
Q

What ways can osteoporosis be prevented?

A

Getting enough calcium while bones are still increasing in density, drinking fluoridated water, and getting plenty of weight bearing exercise.

68
Q

What is Paget’s Disease?

A

Too much bone formation

69
Q

What is the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in Paget’s disease?

A

Decreased action of osteoclasts, increased activity of osteoblasts

70
Q

Areas most involved in Paget’s disease

A

Spine, pelvis, femur, and skull

71
Q

Statistics of Paget’s Disease

A

Rarely occurs before age 40 in 3% of North American elderly people. The cause is unknown

A&P (9 decks)

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