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Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane that surrounds the cartilage and has a blood supply

A

Perichondrium

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2
Q

Most abundant skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Cartilage located at the ends of long bones

A

Articular cartilage

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4
Q

Cartilage that holds ribs to the sternum

A

Costal cartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage found in the trachia

A

Respiratory cartilage

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6
Q

Cartilage found at the tip of the nose

A

Nasal cartilage

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7
Q

Cartilage found in the outer ear

A

Elastic cartilage

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8
Q

Cartilage that is strong and found in areas where there is a lot of compression, pressure, or stress

A

Fibrocartilage

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9
Q

Cartilage that sits right on the tibia

A

Meniscus of the knee

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10
Q

Cartilage that sits between vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

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11
Q

Cartilage found in the hips

A

pubic symphysis

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12
Q

Type of bone that has a shaft and two ends

A

Long bones

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13
Q

Type of bone that looks like pebbles and cubed; found in the tarsal and carpal

A

Short bones

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14
Q

Type of bone that grows within a tendon; patella, carpal area, tarsal

A

Sesamoid bones

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15
Q

Type of bone that is flat and usually curved; skull and sternum

A

Flat bones

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16
Q

Type of bone that makes up the vertebrae

A

Irregular bones

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17
Q

Where does blood cell formation take place?

A

within the bone marrow

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18
Q

Type of minerals stored in bones

A

calcium and phosphate

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19
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
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20
Q

Shaft of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

Ends of the long bone

A

Epiphyses

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22
Q

Found at the end of the long bone, acts as a cushion

A

Articular cartilage

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23
Q

Growth plate; where the long bone grows in length and consists of all hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

Growth plate after it turns into bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

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25
Membrane that surrounds the bone, holds muscle to bone; has a great blood supply, nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels
Periosteum
26
Cell that produces bone material
Osteoblasts
27
Cell that breaks down bone
Osteoclasts
28
Membrane that lines the marrow cavity, covers most of spongy bone
Endosteum
29
Type of bone that has a bunch of holes and plates of bone
Spongy bone
30
Plates of bone
Trabeculae
31
Structural unit of compact bone
Osteon (Haversian system)
32
Rings around the central canal
Lamella
33
Where blood vessels and nerves are
Central (Haversian) canal
34
Run at a right angle to the central canal and connects the osteons
Perforating canals (Volkman's)
35
Contains the osteocytes
Lacunae
36
Small canal within the bone that carries blood to the osteocytes
Canaliculi
37
Bone formation
Osteogenesis
38
When bone starts to form
Embryos
39
When does bone growth occur?
Early adulthood (puberty)
40
Bone formation within a membrane such as in the clavicle and skull bones
Intramembranous ossification
41
Two places where hyaline cartilage remains:
Articular cartilage | epiphyseal plates
42
How often and what percent of our bone mass do we recycle?
Every week, 5-7%
43
How often is spongy bone replaced?
3-4 years
44
How often is compact bone replaced?
every 10 years or so
45
This part of the bone is replaced every 5-6 months whereas the shaft is replaced much more slowly
Distal part of the femur
46
This type of break is when the ends of the bone remain in alignment
Nondisplaced fractures
47
This type of break is when the end of bones are out of alignment
Displaced fracture
48
This type of break in the bone is when the bone is broken completely through
Complete fracture
49
This type of break in the bone is when it has not broken through
Incomplete fracture | i.e stress fracture
50
This type of break in bone is when it breaks through the skin
Compound fracture
51
This type of break in the bone is when the skin has not been broken
Simple fracture
52
This type of break in the bone is when the doc can replace with hands
Closed reduction
53
This requires surgery to fix the broken bone
Open reduction
54
Type of procedure where the screws are placed on the inside of the skin
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
55
Type of procedure where the screws are placed on the outside of the skin
Open Reduction External Fixation
56
Pooling of blood
Hematoma
57
What are the four step in the repair process of bone?
Hematoma Formation Fibrocartilaginous callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling
58
Part of the bone repair process where the collagen fibers lay down between fractured ends
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
59
Part of the bone repair process where osteoblasts lay down bone material
Bony callus formation
60
Part of the bone repair process where osteoclasts break down the excess bone material and form the marrow cavity
Bone remodeling
61
Abnormal softening of the bone
Osteomalacia
62
In children: the abnormal softening of the bone
Rickets
63
What is the activity of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts in osteoporosis?
Increased activity of osteoclasts, decreased activity of osteoblasts
64
Most common place where osteoporosis occurs in the skeleton
Vertebra and the neck of femur
65
What hormone maintains the health and normal density of the skeleton by slowing the activity of osteoclasts and increasing the activity of osteoblasts?
Testosterone and estrogen
66
Contributing factors of osteoporosis
Not enough weight bearing exercise and decrease in Vitamin D that is necessary for calcium absorption
67
What ways can osteoporosis be prevented?
Getting enough calcium while bones are still increasing in density, drinking fluoridated water, and getting plenty of weight bearing exercise.
68
What is Paget's Disease?
Too much bone formation
69
What is the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in Paget's disease?
Decreased action of osteoclasts, increased activity of osteoblasts
70
Areas most involved in Paget's disease
Spine, pelvis, femur, and skull
71
Statistics of Paget's Disease
Rarely occurs before age 40 in 3% of North American elderly people. The cause is unknown

A&P (9 decks)

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