Lab-Tissues Flashcards by Amanda Buckley

Two or more cells with a common function

Tissues

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Study of tissues

Histology

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Forms large continuous sheets
Avascular
Helps form skin
Helps protect, with absorption, filtration, and secretion
Able to regenerate or repair itself quickly if injured

Epithelial tissue

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Epithelium tissue that consists of flat cells with 6 sides

Squamous epithelium

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Epithelial tissue whose cells are cube shaped with nucleus in the center

Cuboidal epithelium

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Epithelial tissue that consists of tall cells

Columnar epithelium

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Number of layers in simple epithelium

single layer

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Number of layers in stratified epithelium

Two or more layers of cells

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Single layer of flat cells that allows gasses to diffuse from blood to lungs and lungs to blood

Simple squamous epithelium

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Single layer of cells that look like boxes

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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Tall cells that are found in the digestive tract

Simple columnar epithelium

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Type of cells that secrete mucus for lubrication

Goblet cells

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Extensions from the cell membrane

microvilli

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Fingerlike extensions from the cell membrane, looks like hair

Cilia

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Found in tissue exposed to everyday wear and tear-mouth, esophagus, and skin; consists of multiple layers of cells

Stratified squamous epithelium

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Found in the urinary bladder, cells have a dome shape to them

Transitional epithelium

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Found in blood, under the skin, bone, around many organs; usually has a large blood supply

Connective tissue

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Contains fibers that are loosely arranged around cells

Loose connective tissue

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Has collagen and elastin fibers in a gel-like intercellular matrix

Areolar tissue

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Stores fat; prevents the loss of heat from the body

Adipose tissue

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Wavy appearance, contains many collagen and elastin fibers, collagen is the main type of fiber that are parallel to each other

Dense regular connective

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Connect muscle to bone

Tendons

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Connect bone to bone

Ligaments

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General term for connective tissue

Fascia

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Swirly appearance, collagen fibers are not parallel to each other

Dense irregular connective tissue

Not as hard as bone, consists of 80% water and doesnt have a blood supply

Cartilage

Produces cartilage

Chondrocytes

Membrane that surrounds the cartilage, has a great blood supply

Perichondrium

Name the three types of cartilage

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

Type of cartilage that is most abundant and found in the larynx, end of nose, trachea, and end of long bones

Hyaline Cartilage

Type of cartilage that is found in the outer ear

Elastic cartilage

Strongest type of cartilage found in our body

Fibrocartilage

Osseous tissue, storage site for calcium

bone

Bone cell

Osteocyte

Weakened bone, breaks easily

Osteoporosis

Produces bone material, builds bone

Osteoblast

Breaks down/crushes bone

Osteoclasts

Three types of blood cells

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes

Makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Nervous system

Transmit nerve impulses

Neurons

Protect and support the neurons

neuroglial cells

Causes movement of a body part, called muscle fibers

muscle tissue

Striated and connected to bone, parallel; allows us to move, maintain posture, and stabilizes joints.

Skeletal muscle

Type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs such as stomach and intestines

Smooth muscle

Type of muscle only found in the heart

cardiac muscle

Thin sheets of tissue that cover surfaces, line body cavities, and surround the organs

Membranes

Cutaneous membrane; skin

epithelial membranes

Found in cavities open to the outside of the body; digestive, respiratory, and urinary

Mucous membranes

Closed to the outside, sterile type of membrane

Serous membranes

Lines the body cavity

parietal layer

Covers the outside of the organ

Visceral layer

Type of serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity

Pleura

Membrane that lines the pleural cavity

Parietal pleura

Delicate serous membrane that covers the surface of each lung

Visceral pleura

Sac that surrounds the heart

pericardium

Lines the abdominal cavity

Parietal peritoneum

Covers the outside of the abdominal organs

Visceral peritoneum

The skin, accessory structures (sweat glands, oil glands, hair and nails) and the subcutaneous tissue below the skin

Integumentary system

Functions of the skin

keeps us waterproof, protection, and controls temperature

Cutaneous membrane (integument)

Skin, considered the largest organ

Outer layer of the skin, stratified squamous epthelium

Epidermis

Deepest layer of the skin, consists of all new cells

Stratum basale

Protein that adds strength to our skin, makes the skin water resistant

Keratin

Secretes melanin, which is our pigment

melanocytes

Determines the color of our skin, freckles and moles are an accumulation of this

melanin

Second layer of the epidermis (from the bottom)

Stratum spinosum

Third layer only found in hairless, thick skin on the soles of feet and palms of hands; last layer to get blood supply

Stratum Lucidum

4th layer of the epidermis

Stratum granulosum

Outermost layer of the skin, consists of dead cells; continuously sloughed off through wear and tear, each month you have a new layer of epithelium

Stratum corneum

Inner layer of the skin, dense fibrous connective tissue, contains blood vessels and cells

Dermis

Fat layer; loose connective and adipose tissue, insulates the body, attaches skin to underlying structures, also called the hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer

Glands that secrete oil, can develop a backhead or pimple

Sebaceous glands

Oily substance, flows through the hair follicle

Sebum

Secrete sweat

Sudoriferous glands

Activated at puberty, responds to emotional stress, fear, pain, sexual excitement; found in axillary and genital glands

Apocrine glands

Glands located on forehead, neck, back, upper lip, palms, and soles. Sweat plays an important role in temperature regulation

Eccrine glands

Gland located in external auditory canal of ear

Ceruminous glands

Keeps us warm, senses insects on the skin

Hair

Protect the eyes from dust and sweat

Eyelashes and eyebrows

Traps dust and prevents us from inhaling it

nasal hairs

Parts of the hair; located above the epidermis

Shaft

Parts of the hair; found in the dermis

Root

Parts of the hair; formed by epithelial cells, gives rise to the hair

Hair follicle

Cause of red hair color

modified type of melanin that contains iron

Cause of white hair

melanocytes become less active with age, the absence of melanin produces white hair

Makes hair stand up, gives "goosebumps"

Arrector pili muscles

Tremendously increase the exposed surface area

microvilli