Chapter 2-Chemistry

Question 1

Capacity to do work or put matter into motion

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Energy in action

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

stored energy, that is, inactive energy that has the potential, or capability, to do work but is not presently doing so.

Answer 3

Potential energy

Question 4

the form stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

Answer 4

Chemical energy

Question 5

In your body, electrical currents are generated when charged particles called _________ move along or across cell membranes.

Answer 5

Ions

Question 6

energy directly involved in moving matter.

Answer 6

Mechanical energy

Question 7

energy that travels in waves.

Answer 7

Radiant energy

Question 8

What form of energy is found in the food we eat?

Answer 8

Chemical energy

Question 9

What form of energy is used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another?

Answer 9

Electrical energy

Question 10

What type of energy is available when we are still? When we are exercising?

Answer 10

Potential energy (PE) is available when we are still. When we exercise, PE is converted to kinetic (working) energy, specifically to mechanical energy.

Question 11

A combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds is called

Answer 11

Molecule

Question 12

If two or more atoms of the same element combine, the resulting substance is called

Answer 12

A molecule of that element

When two hydrogen atoms bond, the product is a molecule of hydrogen gas and is written as H2

Question 13

When two or more different kinds of atoms bind, they form molecules of a

Answer 13

A compound

Question 14

homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.

Answer 14

Solutions

Question 15

the mixture has exactly the same composition or makeup throughout

Answer 15

Homogeneous

Question 16

The substance present in the greatest amount is called

Answer 16

The solvent

Question 17

any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or molecular weight (sum of the atomic weights) in grams.

Answer 17

Mole

Question 18

Heterogeneous mixtures often appear translucent or milky and although the solute particles are larger than those in true solutions, they still do not settle out

Answer 18

Colloids (aka emulsions)

Question 19

heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out.

Answer 19

Suspensions

Question 20

Anything that has weight and takes up space

Answer 20

Matter

Question 21

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions

Answer 21

Element

Question 22

Four most abundant elements in the human body

Answer 22

Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon

Question 23

Basic unit of matter

Answer 23

Atom

Question 24

Three subatomic particles of an atom

Answer 24

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 25

Where is the proton located in the atom?

What type of charge does it have?

Answer 25

In the nucleus

Positive charge

Question 26

Where are the neutrons located in the atom?

What type of charge does it have?

Answer 26

In the nucleus

Doesn’t have a charge (neutral)

Question 27

Where are the electrons located in the atom?

What type of charge does it have?

Answer 27

Orbit around the nucleus

Carry a negative charge

Question 28

Ion with a positive charge

Answer 28

Cation

Question 29

Ion with a negative charge

Answer 29

Anion

Question 30

Type of bond where electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 30

Covalent bond

Question 31

Formed by hydrogen bond, holds water molecules together

Answer 31

Surface tension

Question 32

Weakest of all bonds

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds

Question 33

When alcohol is a solvent

Answer 33

Tincture

Question 34

When water is the solvent

Answer 34

Aqueous solution

Question 35

A molecule that releases hydrogen ions when added to water

Answer 35

Acids

Question 36

A molecule that accepts hydrogen ions when added to water; bitter taste

Answer 36

Bases

Question 37

Resists the changes in pH

Answer 37

Buffer