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CAPS 391 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what passes through foramen lacerum?

A

NOTHING

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2
Q

cribiform plate

A

=part of the ethmoid bone w/lots of small openings

-cranial nerve I accesses nasal cavity through these openings (olfactory foramina) to become sense of smell

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3
Q

what passes through optic canal?
what passes through foramen rotundum?
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

A
  • cranial nerve II
  • 1 branch of cranial nerve 5 maxillary
  • mandibular branch of V maxillary
  • middle meningeal artery
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4
Q

what passes through internal acoustic meatus?
jugular foramen?
hypoglossal canal?
foramen magnum?

A
  • cranial nerves VII and VIII
  • cranial nerves IX, X, and XI
  • XII
  • brain stem
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5
Q

weakest part of skull

A

temple: junction of sutures

called pterion

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6
Q

lordosis

kyphosis

A
  • when cervical or lumbar curvature is increased (can happen naturally to lumbar during pregnancy
  • when thoracic curvature is increased
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7
Q

soft spots of skull

A

=fontanelles

  • lambda=post. fontanelle, becomes bony by 6mo
  • bregma=ant fontanelle, becomes bony by 18mo
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8
Q

regions of vertebral column+distinguishing features of vertebrae

A 
cervical C1-CVII
-2 transverse foramina (blood supply to brain)
-bifurcated spinous process
thoracic T1-TXII
-long, inferiorly directed spinous process
-costal facets
lumbar L1-LV
-large body
-thick and short spinous process
sacral SI-SV-fused
coccygeal
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9
Q

how does the head rotate?

A
  • Atlas C1 has no body and lateral masses connected by ant and post arches
  • CII axis has dens process-articulates w/anterior arch (atlanto-axial joint (synovial pivot))
  • atlanto-occipital joint b/t altas and occipital condyles=synovial condyloid joints
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10
Q

true ribs
false ribs
free ribs

A
  • I-VII
  • VIII-XII-attach to rib above’s cartilage
  • XI-XII-no attachment to sternum
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11
Q

weakest part of the rib

A

costal angle-where it changes direction

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12
Q

what’s the only long bone that’s horizontal in the body

A

clavicle

  • lateral end=acromial head-flat
  • medial end=sternal end-rounder
  • lateral curvature convex post.
  • medial curvature convex ant.
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13
Q

intertubercular groove of humerous

A
  • bicipital groove-bicep passes through
  • axillary nerve passes through
  • surgical neck (weakest part) below
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14
Q

flexion and extension of formarm

A

during extension, the olecranon fossa on the post side of the humerus receives the olecranon (ulna)
during flexion, the coranoid fossa houses the radial bone

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15
Q

acetabulum

A

point of fusion for the 3 hip bones that articulates w/ the femur

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16
Q

fibula

A

does not articulate w/femur

distal 1/3 involved in ankle movements, upper 2/3 unimportant and often used for bone grafts

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17
Q

what tarsals articulate w/the tibia and fibula?

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus articulates w/talus and cuboid (ant)
  • navicular articulates to ant. talus
  • 3 cuneiforms ant to navicular-medial, intermediate, lateral
18
Q

functional joint classification

A
  1. synarthrosis-very little if any movement (bones of skull)
  2. amphiarthrosis-semi-movable (ribs and sternum)
  3. diarthrosis-freely movable (at least 1/3 of an anatomical plane
19
Q

structural joint classification

A
  1. solid joints-bones held together by CT
    a. fibrous (suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis)
    b. cartilaginous (syncondrosis-hyaline cartilage and symphysis-fibrocartilage)
  2. synovial joints-space separating bones
    a. monoaxial-hinge, pivot
    b. biaxial-saddle
    c. multiaxial-ball and socket, condyloid
    d. nonaxial-bones can slide/glide against eachother but not possible to define movements on a plane
20
Q

synovial joints

A
  • articular (hyaline) cartilage covers surfaces-minimizes friction and acts as absorber
  • bones held together by fiberous capsules, which sometimes thickens to form ligaments
  • capsule is continuous w/periosteum
  • synovial membrane produces fluid and to nourish and lubricate capsule
21
Q

superior pelvic aperature/pelvic inlet

A

sacral promontory–>anterior border of sacral ala–>medial border of ilium–>sup border of pubic ramus–>pubic crest–>pubic symphysis
-false pelvis=area above inlet

22
Q

inferior pelvic aperture/pelvic outlet

A

coccyx–>sacrotuberose ligament–>ischial pubic ramus–>pubic body–>pubic symphysis
-true pelvis b/t superior and inferior

23
Q

vertebrae joints

A

3 points of articulation
1. b/t vertebral borders (intervertebral disk-symphysis joint)
has nucleus pulposis surrounded by annulus fibrosis
-herniated disk=when nucleus tears membrane and shock absorption ability decreases–>disk collapses and vertebrae pinch the nerve branches
2 and 3. b/t articular processes (zygapopphyseal joints-facet joints)
-supported by anterior longitudinal ligament and lagamentum flavum (connects laminae of adj. vertebrae), and interspinous and supraspinous ligament

24
Q

what is the only synovial joint in the head?

A

TMJ temporal mandibular joint

  • condylar synovial joint w/ an articular disk (CT) b/t condyle of mandible and mandibular fossa
  • fibrocartilage
25
Q

glenohumoral joint

A
  • most mobile and least stable synovial ball and socket joint
  • b/t head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
  • ring around glenoid cavity=glenoid labrum
  • coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament
  • bursa (serous membrane) surrounds synovial membrane and facillatates mm and tendon movements (deltoid bursa)
26
Q

elbow joint

A

3 articulations-b/t trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna (synovial hinge), capitulum of humerus and head of radius (condyloid type), and proximal head of radius and radial notch of ulna
-ulnar collateral ligament stablizes trochlea and trochlear notch
radial collateral ligament supports humeroulnar joint (which is a hinge joint)
-annular ligament facillatates pivoting of radius for sup./pronation

27
Q

wrist joint

A

distal radioulnar joint (pivot) and radiocarpal joint (condylar)

  • articular disk present
  • midcarpal joint: proximal and distal carpal bones-nonaxial
  • intercarpal joints b/t carpals
  • carpometacarpal joints b/t carpals and matacarpals
  • radiocarpal ligaments, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, interosseous metacarpal, and radial/ulnar collateral ligaments support wrist
28
Q

hip joint

A

=ball and socket

  • supported by pubofemoral, iliofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments
  • round ligament of head of femur connects to ligament w/in acetabulum
29
Q

knee joint

A
  • bi condylar joint b/t femoral condyles and tibial condyles (medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints)
  • synovial planar joint b/t patellar surface of femur and post patella (patellofemoral joint)
  • medial and lateral menisci lie b/t femoral condyles and tibial plates
  • tibial and fibular collateral ligaments and anterior and posterior cruciate ligments for stability
30
Q

labrums

A

=fibrocartilage rings attach to circumference of glenoid cavity and acetabulum to increase depth

31
Q

costovertebral joints

sternocostal joints

A
  • head of rib articulates w/vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebra and tubricle articulates w/costal facet on transverse process of corresponding thoracic vertebrae
  • ant end of rib pairs 1-7 articulates w/sternum via costal cartilage
  • all these are synovial planar joints except 1st sternocostal (which is syncondroses)
32
Q

manubiosternal

xiphisternal joint

A

manubrium and body of sternum
body of sternum and xiphoid process
-symphysis joints

33
Q

sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

A
  • b/t medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum
    1. synovial saddle, has an articular disk
  • b/t lateral clavicle and acromion of scapula
    1. synovial planar joint, supported by coracoclavicular ligament
34
Q

radio-ulnar joints

A
  • proximal-head of radius held against radial notch of ulna by annular ligament
  • middle: fiberous syndesmosis-interosseous membrane-connects borders
  • distal-b/t head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
35
Q

tibiofibular joints

A

similar to upper limb

  1. proximal b/t head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia-synovial planar
  2. middle
  3. distal b/t fibular notch of tibia and distal end of fibula-fiberous syndesmosis
36
Q

ankle joint

A

b/t distal tibia and fibula and body of talus-synovial hinge

-supported by medial and lateral ligaments

37
Q

intertarsal joints

A

-small synovial planar joints b/t tarsal bones

38
Q

neurocranium
viserocranium
cranium

A

neurocranium=skull bones-temporal and parietal (paired) and frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
viserocranium=facial bones-lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, and palatine (paired) and mandible and vomer (unpaired)
cranium=skull w/out mandible

39
Q

what forms the hard palate?

A

maxilla and palatine bones

40
Q

anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa

A

-frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
boundary b/t ant and middle=lesser sphenoid wings
-sphenoid and temporal bones (petrous and squamous parts)–includes hypophyseal fossa (of sella turcica) (pituitary)
boundary b/t middle and post=superior boarder of petrous part of temporal bone
-occipital and temporal (petrous part)

41
Q

sternal angle

A

the manubrium and body of sternum form sternal angle, where the 2nd costal cartilage attaches

42
Q

thoracic cage

A

formed by ribs, costal cartilage, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

CAPS 391 (11 decks)

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